2017 AMC 10B 第 18 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

18.

在下图中,66 个圆盘中有 33 个要涂成蓝色,22 个要涂成红色,11 个要涂成绿色。如果两个涂色方案可以通过整个图形的旋转或反射相互得到,则视为相同。共有多少种不同涂法?

In the figure below, 33 of the 66 disks are to be painted blue, 22 are to be painted red, and 11 is to be painted green. Two paintings that can be obtained from one another by a rotation or a reflection of the entire figure are considered the same. How many different paintings are possible?

66

88

99

1212

1515

答案:D
知识点:组合对称性分类讨论
难度评级:2010
小提示:

利用对称性,把绿色圆盘的位置化成两种情形。

Use symmetry to reduce the green disk to two cases

大提示:

对每个绿色位置,在对称意义下数红色圆盘的放法。

For each green position, count possible red-disk placements up to symmetry

解答:

由对称性,绿色圆盘的位置只有两类:角上的位置或边中点的位置。每类各固定一个代表位置。此时选出两个红色圆盘的方法有 (52)=10\binom52=10 种。

保持绿色位置不动的那个反射会固定其余圆盘中的一个,并把另外四个圆盘两两交换。恰好有 22 种红色圆盘的选法在这个反射下不变,即选中被交换的某一对。其余 88 种选法两两互为镜像,构成 44 对。因此绿色圆盘的每一类位置都给出 2+4=62+4=6 种涂色方案。

于是两类位置合起来给出 6+6=126+6=12 种涂色方案。

所以正确答案是 D

By symmetry, the green disk has two possible types of position: a corner or a side midpoint. Fix one representative of either type. There are (52)=10\binom52=10 ways to choose the two red disks.

The reflection that fixes the green position fixes one of the other disks and exchanges the other four disks in two pairs. Exactly 22 red-disk choices are unchanged by this reflection: choosing either exchanged pair. The other 88 choices form 44 mirror-image pairs. Hence there are 2+4=62+4=6 paintings for each type of green position.

The two types therefore give 6+6=126+6=12 paintings.

Thus, the correct answer is D .

第 17 题#17
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