2004 AMC 10B 第 18 题

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18.

在直角三角形 ACE\triangle ACE 中,AC=12AC = 12CE=16CE = 16EA=20EA = 20。点 BBDDFF 分别在 ACACCECEEAEA 上,且 AB=3AB = 3CD=4CD = 4EF=5EF = 5BDF\triangle BDF 的面积与 ACE\triangle ACE 的面积之比是多少?

In right triangle ACE,\triangle ACE, we have AC=12,AC = 12, CE=16,CE = 16, and EA=20.EA = 20. Points B,B, D,D, and FF are located on AC,AC, CE,CE, and EA,EA, respectively, so that AB=3,AB = 3, CD=4,CD = 4, and EF=5.EF = 5. What is the ratio of the area of BDF\triangle BDF to that of ACE?\triangle ACE?

14\dfrac{1}{4}

925\dfrac{9}{25}

38\dfrac{3}{8}

1125\dfrac{11}{25}

716\dfrac{7}{16}

答案:E
知识点:面积比面积分割三角形面积
难度评级:1630
小提示:

ACE\triangle ACE 的面积是 12(12)(16)=96\tfrac12(12)(16) = 96

The area of ACE\triangle ACE is 12(12)(16)=96\tfrac12(12)(16) = 96

大提示:

减去三个角上的三角形;每个角上三角形的底和高都是大三角形相应底和高的已知比例。

Subtract the three corner triangles; each has a base and height that are known fractions of the big triangle’s

解答:

ACE\triangle ACE 的面积是 12(12)(16)=96\tfrac12(12)(16) = 96

三个角上的三角形 ABF\triangle ABFBCD\triangle BCDDEF\triangle DEF 的一组底和高,分别是 ACE\triangle ACE 中对应底和高的 34\tfrac3414\tfrac14。所以每个小三角形的面积都是 ACE\triangle ACE 面积的 1434=316\tfrac14 \cdot \tfrac34 = \tfrac{3}{16}

因此 [BDF][ACE]=13316=1916=716 \begin{aligned} \dfrac{[BDF]}{[ACE]} &= 1 - 3 \cdot \dfrac{3}{16} \\ &= 1 - \dfrac{9}{16} = \dfrac{7}{16} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

The area of ACE\triangle ACE is 12(12)(16)=96.\tfrac12(12)(16) = 96.

Each corner triangle ABF,\triangle ABF, BCD,\triangle BCD, and DEF\triangle DEF has a base and an altitude that are 34\tfrac34 and 14\tfrac14 of a corresponding base and altitude of ACE.\triangle ACE. So each has area 1434=316\tfrac14 \cdot \tfrac34 = \tfrac{3}{16} of ACE.\triangle ACE.

Hence [BDF][ACE]=13316=1916=716. \begin{aligned} \dfrac{[BDF]}{[ACE]} &= 1 - 3 \cdot \dfrac{3}{16} \\ &= 1 - \dfrac{9}{16} = \dfrac{7}{16}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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