2004 AMC 10B 真题

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1.

Misty Moon Amphitheater 的每一排有 3333 个座位。第 1212 排到第 2222 排预留给一个青年俱乐部。这个俱乐部一共预留了多少个座位?

Each row of the Misty Moon Amphitheater has 3333 seats. Rows 1212 through 2222 are reserved for a youth club. How many seats are reserved for this club?

297297

330330

363363

396396

726726

答案:C
知识点:区间内整数计数基本计数
难度评级:770
小提示:

先数从第 1212 排到第 2222 排一共有多少排,包括两端。

Count how many rows run from 1212 through 2222 inclusive

大提示:

将排数乘以 3333

Multiply the number of rows by 3333

解答:

1212 排到第 2222 排共有 2212+1=1122 - 12 + 1 = 11 排。

每排有 3333 个座位,所以总数为 33×11=36333 \times 11 = 363

所以正确答案是 C

Rows 1212 through 2222 inclusive make up 2212+1=1122 - 12 + 1 = 11 rows.

Each row has 3333 seats, so the total is 33×11=363.33 \times 11 = 363.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

2.

有多少个两位正整数至少有一个数字是 77

How many two-digit positive integers have at least one 77 as a digit?

1010

1818

1919

2020

3030

答案:B
知识点:数字容斥原理
难度评级:920
小提示:

分别数十位是 77 的数和个位是 77 的数。

Count the numbers with 77 in the tens place and those with 77 in the units place separately

大提示:

7777 同时属于两类。

The number 7777 belongs to both groups

解答:

70707979 给出 1010 个十位为 77 的两位数。

数列 17,27,,9717, 27, \ldots, 97 给出 99 个个位为 77 的两位数。

因为 7777 被重复计算一次,所以总数为 10+91=1810 + 9 - 1 = 18

所以正确答案是 B

The numbers 7070 through 7979 give 1010 with a 77 in the tens place.

The numbers 17,27,,9717, 27, \ldots, 97 give 99 with a 77 in the units place.

Since 7777 is counted twice, the total is 10+91=18.10 + 9 - 1 = 18.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

3.

上周每次篮球训练中,Jenny 罚中球数都是前一次训练的两倍。她第五次训练罚中 4848 个球。她第一次训练罚中了多少个球?

At each basketball practice last week, Jenny made twice as many free throws as she made at the previous practice. At her fifth practice she made 4848 free throws. How many free throws did she make at the first practice?

33

66

99

1212

1515

答案:A
难度评级:820
小提示:

每次训练数目都是前一次的两倍,所以倒推时每次除以二。

Each practice count is twice the previous one, so work backward by halving

大提示:

4848 开始反复减半,直到第一次训练。

Halve 4848 repeatedly to reach the first practice

解答:

从第五次训练倒推,罚中数依次为 48,24,12,648, 24, 12, 633,对应第五、第四、第三、第二、第一次训练。

所以正确答案是 A

Working backward from the fifth practice, the counts are 48,24,12,6,48, 24, 12, 6, and 33 at the fourth, third, second, and first practices.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

4.

掷一个标准六面骰子,令 PP 为可见的五个面上的数字之积。一定能整除 PP 的最大数是多少?

A standard six-sided die is rolled, and PP is the product of the five numbers that are visible. What is the largest number that is certain to divide P?P?

66

1212

2424

144144

720720

答案:B
难度评级:1190
小提示:

六个面数字的乘积是 6!=7206! = 720,恰好有一个面被遮住。

The product of all six faces is 6!=7206! = 720; exactly one face is hidden

大提示:

对每个质因数,找出不论遮住哪个面都一定剩下多少个。

For each prime, find how many copies must remain no matter which face is hidden

解答:

因为 6!=720=243256! = 720 = 2^4 \cdot 3^2 \cdot 5,所以可见乘积只会用到质数 223355

遮住 44 时剩下的因数 22 最少,为 222^2。遮住 3366 时剩下的因数 33 最少,为一个;遮住 55 时则没有因数 55

因此 PP 一定能被 223=122^2 \cdot 3 = 12 整除,但不一定能被更大的数整除。

所以正确答案是 B

Since 6!=720=24325,6! = 720 = 2^4 \cdot 3^2 \cdot 5, the visible product uses only the primes 2,2, 3,3, and 5.5.

Hiding 44 leaves the fewest 22’s, namely 22.2^2. Hiding 33 or 66 leaves the fewest 33’s, namely one. Hiding 55 leaves no factor of 5.5.

Therefore PP is always divisible by 223=12,2^2 \cdot 3 = 12, but not necessarily by any larger number.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

5.

在表达式 cabdc \cdot a^b - d 中,aabbccdd 的值为 00112233,但顺序不一定如此。结果的最大可能值是多少?

In the expression cabd,c \cdot a^b - d, the values of a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd are 0,0, 1,1, 2,2, and 3,3, although not necessarily in that order. What is the maximum possible value of the result?

55

66

88

99

1010

答案:D
难度评级:1120
小提示:

要使结果最大,让被减去的值 d=0d = 0

To maximize the result, make the subtracted value d=0d = 0

大提示:

剩下 112233 时,比较合理分配下的 cabc \cdot a^b

With 1,1, 2,2, 33 remaining, compare cabc \cdot a^b for the sensible assignments

解答:

d=0d = 0 可以去掉减法,所以只需用 112233 最大化 cabc \cdot a^b

c=1c = 1a=3a = 3b=2b = 2,得到 32=93^2 = 9。另一种大幂 23=82^3 = 8 更小,而让 c>1c \gt 1 会迫使幂更小,所以最大值为 99

所以正确答案是 D

Setting d=0d = 0 removes the subtraction, so we maximize cabc \cdot a^b using 1,1, 2,2, 3.3.

Taking c=1,c = 1, a=3,a = 3, b=2b = 2 gives 32=9.3^2 = 9. The alternative 23=82^3 = 8 is smaller, and any assignment with c>1c \gt 1 forces a smaller power. The maximum is 9.9.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

6.

下列哪个数是完全平方数?

Which of the following numbers is a perfect square?

98!99!98! \cdot 99!

98!100!98! \cdot 100!

99!100!99! \cdot 100!

99!101!99! \cdot 101!

100!101!100! \cdot 101!

答案:C
难度评级:1290
小提示:

m<nm \lt n 时,将 m!n!m! \cdot n! 写成 (m!)2(m+1)(m+2)n(m!)^2 \cdot (m+1)(m+2)\cdots n

For m<n,m \lt n, write m!n!m! \cdot n! as (m!)2(m+1)(m+2)n(m!)^2 \cdot (m+1)(m+2)\cdots n

大提示:

这个乘积是完全平方数,当且仅当 (m+1)(m+2)n(m+1)(m+2)\cdots n 是完全平方数。

The product is a perfect square exactly when (m+1)(m+2)n(m+1)(m+2)\cdots n is

解答:

m<nm \lt n 时,m!n!m! \cdot n! 等于 (m!)2(m+1)(m+2)n(m!)^2 \cdot (m+1)(m+2)\cdots n。前面的平方因子不影响判断,因此只需检查 (m+1)n(m+1)\cdots n 是否为完全平方数。

五个选项的剩余因子分别为 99999910099 \cdot 100100100100101100 \cdot 101101101。只有 100=102100 = 10^2 是完全平方数。

因此 99!100!=(99!10)299! \cdot 100! = (99! \cdot 10)^2 是完全平方数。

所以正确答案是 C

For m<n,m \lt n, m!n!m! \cdot n! equals (m!)2(m+1)(m+2)n,(m!)^2 \cdot (m+1)(m+2)\cdots n, which is a perfect square precisely when (m+1)n(m+1)\cdots n is a perfect square.

For the five choices this leftover factor is 99,99, 99100,99 \cdot 100, 100,100, 100101,100 \cdot 101, and 101.101. Only 100=102100 = 10^2 is a perfect square.

Therefore 99!100!=(99!10)299! \cdot 100! = (99! \cdot 10)^2 is the perfect square.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

7.

Isabella 从美国去加拿大旅行,带了 dd 美元。在边境她把钱全部兑换,汇率为每 77 美元兑换 1010 加元。花掉 6060 加元后,她还剩 dd 加元。dd 的各位数字之和是多少?

On a trip from the United States to Canada, Isabella took dd U.S. dollars. At the border she exchanged them all, receiving 1010 Canadian dollars for every 77 U.S. dollars. After spending 6060 Canadian dollars, she had dd Canadian dollars left. What is the sum of the digits of d?d?

55

66

77

88

99

答案:A
难度评级:1100
小提示:

dd 美元兑换成 107d\dfrac{10}{7}d 加元。

Exchanging dd U.S. dollars gives 107d\dfrac{10}{7}d Canadian dollars

大提示:

建立方程 107d60=d\dfrac{10}{7}d - 60 = d 并求解 dd

Set 107d60=d\dfrac{10}{7}d - 60 = d and solve for dd

解答:

Isabella 得到 107d\dfrac{10}{7}d 加元,花掉 6060 加元后剩 dd 加元,所以 107d60=d \dfrac{10}{7}d - 60 = d\text{。}

37d=60\dfrac{3}{7}d = 60,所以 d=140d = 140。数字和为 1+4+0=51 + 4 + 0 = 5

所以正确答案是 A

Isabella received 107d\dfrac{10}{7}d Canadian dollars and spent 60,60, leaving d.d. So 107d60=d. \dfrac{10}{7}d - 60 = d.

Then 37d=60,\dfrac{3}{7}d = 60, so d=140.d = 140. The sum of its digits is 1+4+0=5.1 + 4 + 0 = 5.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

8.

Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport 位于 St. Paul 市中心西南 88 英里处,也位于 Minneapolis 市中心东南 1010 英里处。下列哪个数最接近 St. Paul 市中心与 Minneapolis 市中心之间的英里数?

Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport is 88 miles southwest of downtown St. Paul and 1010 miles southeast of downtown Minneapolis. Which of the following is closest to the number of miles between downtown St. Paul and downtown Minneapolis?

1313

1414

1515

1616

1717

答案:A
知识点:勾股定理估算
难度评级:1030
小提示:

西南方向和东南方向互相垂直。

Southwest and southeast are perpendicular directions

大提示:

距离为 82+102\sqrt{8^2 + 10^2},再估计最接近的整数。

The distance is 82+102\sqrt{8^2 + 10^2}; estimate the nearest whole number

解答:

两个给定方向互相垂直,因此机场位于一个直角三角形的直角顶点,两条直角边为 881010

两个市中心之间的距离为 82+102=16412.8\sqrt{8^2 + 10^2} = \sqrt{164} \approx 12.8,最接近 1313

所以正确答案是 A

The two given directions are perpendicular, so the airport sits at the right angle of a right triangle with legs 88 and 10.10.

The distance between the downtowns is 82+102=16412.8,\sqrt{8^2 + 10^2} = \sqrt{164} \approx 12.8, which is closest to 13.13.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

9.

一个正方形边长为 1010,一个圆以该正方形的一个顶点为圆心、半径为 1010。正方形和圆所围区域的并集面积是多少?

A square has sides of length 10,10, and a circle centered at one of its vertices has radius 10.10. What is the area of the union of the regions enclosed by the square and the circle?

200+25π200 + 25\pi

100+75π100 + 75\pi

75+100π75 + 100\pi

100+100π100 + 100\pi

100+125π100 + 125\pi

答案:B
难度评级:1270
小提示:

将正方形面积和圆面积相加,再减去重叠部分。

Add the areas of the square and the circle, then subtract the overlap

大提示:

重叠部分是圆中位于正方形内部的四分之一圆。

The overlap is the quarter of the circle that lies inside the square

解答:

正方形面积为 102=10010^2 = 100,圆面积为 π(10)2=100π\pi(10)^2 = 100\pi

因为圆心在正方形顶点,正好有四分之一圆位于正方形内部,面积为 25π25\pi

并集面积为 100+100π25π=100+75π100 + 100\pi - 25\pi = 100 + 75\pi

所以正确答案是 B

The square has area 102=10010^2 = 100 and the circle has area π(10)2=100π.\pi(10)^2 = 100\pi.

Since the circle is centered at a vertex of the square, exactly one quarter of the circle, area 25π,25\pi, lies inside the square.

The union has area 100+100π25π=100+75π.100 + 100\pi - 25\pi = 100 + 75\pi.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

10.

一位杂货商摆放罐头,最上面一排有一个罐头,每往下一排比上一排多两个罐头。如果这个展示架共有 100100 个罐头,它有多少排?

A grocer makes a display of cans in which the top row has one can and each lower row has two more cans than the row above it. If the display contains 100100 cans, how many rows does it contain?

55

88

99

1010

1111

答案:D
难度评级:1170
小提示:

各排罐头数为 1,3,5,1, 3, 5, \ldots

The rows contain 1,3,5,1, 3, 5, \ldots cans

大提示:

nn 个奇数的和等于 n2n^2

The sum of the first nn odd numbers equals n2n^2

解答:

各排罐头数为 1,3,5,1, 3, 5, \ldots,前 nn 个奇数的和为 n2n^2

n2=100n^2 = 100,得 n=10n = 10

所以正确答案是 D

The rows hold 1,3,5,1, 3, 5, \ldots cans, and the sum of the first nn odd numbers is n2.n^2.

Setting n2=100n^2 = 100 gives n=10.n = 10.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

11.

两个八面骰子的面都标有 1188。掷骰子时,每个面朝上的概率相同。两个朝上数字的乘积大于它们的和的概率是多少?

Two eight-sided dice each have faces numbered 11 through 8.8. When the dice are rolled, each face has an equal probability of appearing on the top. What is the probability that the product of the two top numbers is greater than their sum?

12\dfrac{1}{2}

4764\dfrac{47}{64}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

5564\dfrac{55}{64}

78\dfrac{7}{8}

答案:C
难度评级:1430
小提示:

条件 mn>m+nmn \gt m + n 可改写为 (m1)(n1)>1(m-1)(n-1) \gt 1

The condition mn>m+nmn \gt m + n rearranges to (m1)(n1)>1(m-1)(n-1) \gt 1

大提示:

反过来数满足 (m1)(n1)1(m-1)(n-1) \le 1 的有序对。

Count the ordered pairs where (m1)(n1)1(m-1)(n-1) \le 1 instead

解答:

共有 88=648 \cdot 8 = 64 个有序结果。条件 mn>m+nmn \gt m + n 等价于 (m1)(n1)>1(m-1)(n-1) \gt 1

不满足条件的情况只有 m=1m = 1n=1n = 1,或 m=n=2m = n = 2。这些情况共有 8+81+1=168 + 8 - 1 + 1 = 16 个。

因此概率为 641664=4864=34\dfrac{64 - 16}{64} = \dfrac{48}{64} = \dfrac{3}{4}

所以正确答案是 C

There are 88=648 \cdot 8 = 64 ordered pairs. The inequality mn>m+nmn \gt m + n is equivalent to (m1)(n1)>1.(m-1)(n-1) \gt 1.

This fails only when m=1,m = 1, n=1,n = 1, or m=n=2,m = n = 2, which account for 8+81+1=168 + 8 - 1 + 1 = 16 pairs.

The probability is 641664=4864=34.\dfrac{64 - 16}{64} = \dfrac{48}{64} = \dfrac{3}{4}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

12.

圆环是两个同心圆之间的区域。图中同心圆半径分别为 bbcc,其中 b>cb \gt c。令 OX\overline{OX} 为大圆半径,XZ\overline{XZ}ZZ 点与小圆相切,OY\overline{OY} 是经过 ZZ 的大圆半径。设 a=XZa = XZd=YZd = YZe=XYe = XY。这个圆环的面积是多少?

An annulus is the region between two concentric circles. The concentric circles in the figure have radii bb and c,c, with b>c.b \gt c. Let OX\overline{OX} be a radius of the larger circle, let XZ\overline{XZ} be tangent to the smaller circle at Z,Z, and let OY\overline{OY} be the radius of the larger circle that contains Z.Z. Let a=XZ,a = XZ, d=YZ,d = YZ, and e=XY.e = XY. What is the area of the annulus?

πa2\pi a^2

πb2\pi b^2

πc2\pi c^2

πd2\pi d^2

πe2\pi e^2

答案:A
难度评级:1390
小提示:

环形区域面积为 πb2πc2\pi b^2 - \pi c^2

The annulus area is πb2πc2\pi b^2 - \pi c^2

大提示:

因为 XZ\overline{XZ}ZZ 点相切,三角形 OZXOZX 是直角三角形,所以 b2c2=a2b^2 - c^2 = a^2

Since XZ\overline{XZ} is tangent at Z,Z, triangle OZXOZX is right-angled, giving b2c2=a2b^2 - c^2 = a^2

解答:

圆环面积是两个圆面积之差,即 πb2πc2\pi b^2 - \pi c^2

因为 XZ\overline{XZ}ZZ 点与小圆相切,所以它垂直于半径 OZ\overline{OZ}。在直角三角形 OZXOZX 中,OX=bOX = bOZ=cOZ = cXZ=aXZ = a,所以 b2c2=a2b^2 - c^2 = a^2

因此圆环面积为 πa2\pi a^2

所以正确答案是 A

The annulus is the difference of the two circular areas, πb2πc2.\pi b^2 - \pi c^2.

Because XZ\overline{XZ} is tangent to the small circle at Z,Z, it is perpendicular to the radius OZ.\overline{OZ}. In right triangle OZXOZX with OX=b,OX = b, OZ=c,OZ = c, and XZ=a,XZ = a, we get b2c2=a2.b^2 - c^2 = a^2.

Therefore the area of the annulus is πa2.\pi a^2.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

13.

美国硬币厚度如下:一分硬币为 1.551.55 毫米,五分硬币为 1.951.95 毫米,十分硬币为 1.351.35 毫米,二十五分硬币为 1.751.75 毫米。如果一叠这样的硬币高度正好为 1414 毫米,那么这叠硬币有多少枚?

In the United States, coins have the following thicknesses: penny, 1.551.55 mm; nickel, 1.951.95 mm; dime, 1.351.35 mm; quarter, 1.751.75 mm. If a stack of these coins is exactly 1414 mm high, how many coins are in the stack?

77

88

99

1010

1111

答案:B
难度评级:1530
小提示:

每种硬币厚度的百分位都是 55,所以考虑总高度小数末两位。

Every coin thickness ends in a 55 in the hundredths place, so consider the height’s last two decimal digits

大提示:

要让总高度是整数毫米,硬币枚数必须是 44 的倍数。

For the height to be a whole number of mm, the number of coins must be a multiple of 44

解答:

把每个厚度都用百分之一毫米表示。四种可能的厚度为 135135155155175175195195,它们都同余于 15(mod20)15\pmod{20}。若一摞有 kk 枚硬币且高度为整数毫米,则以百分之一毫米表示的总厚度能被 2020 整除,所以 15k15k 能被 2020 整除。因此 kk 必须是 44 的倍数。

44 枚硬币的高度至多为 4(1.95)=7.84(1.95) = 7.8 毫米,1212 枚硬币的高度至少为 12(1.35)=16.212(1.35) = 16.2 毫米,所以只有 88 枚硬币可能恰好高 1414 毫米。

事实上,88 枚二十五美分硬币的高度为 8(1.75)=148(1.75) = 14 毫米。

所以正确答案是 B

Measure every thickness in hundredths of a millimeter. The four possible thicknesses are 135,135, 155,155, 175,175, 195,195, all congruent to 15(mod20).15\pmod{20}. If the stack has kk coins and an integer height, its total in hundredths is divisible by 20,20, so 15k15k is divisible by 20.20. Therefore kk must be a multiple of 4.4.

A stack of 44 coins is at most 4(1.95)=7.84(1.95) = 7.8 mm, and a stack of 1212 coins is at least 12(1.35)=16.212(1.35) = 16.2 mm, so only 88 coins can total 1414 mm.

Indeed, 88 quarters give 8(1.75)=148(1.75) = 14 mm.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

14.

一个袋子最初只含红色和蓝色弹珠,且蓝色比红色多。向袋中加入红色弹珠,直到蓝色弹珠只占袋中弹珠的 13\tfrac{1}{3}。然后加入黄色弹珠,直到蓝色弹珠只占袋中弹珠的 15\tfrac{1}{5}。最后,将袋中蓝色弹珠的数量加倍。现在袋中弹珠有几分之几是蓝色?

A bag initially contains red marbles and blue marbles only, with more blue than red. Red marbles are added to the bag until only 13\tfrac{1}{3} of the marbles in the bag are blue. Then yellow marbles are added to the bag until only 15\tfrac{1}{5} of the marbles in the bag are blue. Finally, the number of blue marbles in the bag is doubled. What fraction of the marbles now in the bag are blue?

15\dfrac{1}{5}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

25\dfrac{2}{5}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

答案:C
知识点:分数比与比例
难度评级:1240
小提示:

设蓝色弹珠数为 BB,追踪每一步的总数。

Let BB be the number of blue marbles and track the total at each stage

大提示:

在最后加倍之前,有 BB 个蓝色弹珠,总数为 5B5B

Just before doubling there are BB blue out of 5B5B total

解答:

设蓝色弹珠数为 BB。加入红色弹珠后,总数为 3B3B;加入黄色弹珠后,总数为 5B5B,蓝色仍为 BB

将蓝色弹珠数量加倍后,有 2B2B 个蓝色弹珠,总数变为 6B6B,所以蓝色所占比例为 2B6B=13\dfrac{2B}{6B} = \dfrac{1}{3}

所以正确答案是 C

Let there be BB blue marbles. After adding red marbles the total is 3B;3B; after adding yellow marbles the total is 5B,5B, still with BB blue.

Doubling the blue marbles gives 2B2B blue out of 6B6B total, which is 2B6B=13.\dfrac{2B}{6B} = \dfrac{1}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

15.

Patty 有 2020 枚硬币,由五分硬币和十分硬币组成。如果她的五分硬币都变成十分硬币,而十分硬币都变成五分硬币,她会多 7070 美分。她现在的硬币总值是多少?

Patty has 2020 coins consisting of nickels and dimes. If her nickels were dimes and her dimes were nickels, she would have 7070 cents more. How much are her coins worth?

$1.15\$1.15

$1.20\$1.20

$1.25\$1.25

$1.30\$1.30

$1.35\$1.35

答案:A
知识点:方程组钱币
难度评级:1240
小提示:

交换后总值增加,说明她的五分硬币比十分硬币多。

Swapping raises the value, so she has more nickels than dimes

大提示:

每枚五分硬币与十分硬币的交换会改变 55 美分。

Each nickel-for-dime swap changes the total by 55 cents

解答:

交换后价值增加,所以 Patty 的五分硬币比十分硬币多。每枚硬币交换后价值变化 55 美分,所以五分硬币比十分硬币多 705=14\frac{70}{5} = 14 枚。

两种硬币的数量满足 n+d=20n + d = 20nd=14n - d = 14,解得她有 1717 枚五分硬币和 33 枚十分硬币。

她的硬币总值为 175+310=11517 \cdot 5 + 3 \cdot 10 = 115 美分,即 $1.15\$1.15

所以正确答案是 A

Swapping increases the value, so Patty has more nickels than dimes. Each swapped coin changes the total by 55 cents, so she has 705=14\frac{70}{5} = 14 more nickels than dimes.

With n+d=20n + d = 20 and nd=14,n - d = 14, she has 1717 nickels and 33 dimes.

Her coins are worth 175+310=11517 \cdot 5 + 3 \cdot 10 = 115 cents, or $1.15.\$1.15.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

16.

三个半径为 11 的圆两两外切,并且都与一个较大的圆内切。大圆的半径是多少?

Three circles of radius 11 are externally tangent to each other and internally tangent to a larger circle. What is the radius of the large circle?

2+63\dfrac{2 + \sqrt{6}}{3}

22

2+323\dfrac{2 + 3\sqrt{2}}{3}

3+233\dfrac{3 + 2\sqrt{3}}{3}

3+32\dfrac{3 + \sqrt{3}}{2}

答案:D
难度评级:1640
小提示:

三个小圆的圆心形成边长为 22 的等边三角形。

The three small centers form an equilateral triangle of side 22

大提示:

大圆半径等于 11 加上该等边三角形中心到顶点的距离。

The large radius is 11 plus the distance from that triangle’s center to a vertex

解答:

三个单位圆的圆心形成边长为 22 的等边三角形;它的中心就是大圆的圆心。

对于边长为 22 的等边三角形,中心到顶点的距离为 23=233\dfrac{2}{\sqrt3} = \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}

再加上单位圆半径,大圆半径为 1+233=3+2331 + \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3} = \dfrac{3 + 2\sqrt3}{3}

所以正确答案是 D

The centers of the three unit circles form an equilateral triangle with side 2.2. Its center is the center of the large circle.

For an equilateral triangle of side length 2,2, the distance from its center to a vertex is 23=233.\dfrac{2}{\sqrt3} = \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3}.

Adding the unit radius, the large radius is 1+233=3+233.1 + \dfrac{2\sqrt3}{3} = \dfrac{3 + 2\sqrt3}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

17.

Jack 年龄的两个数字与 Bill 年龄的两个数字相同,但顺序相反。五年后 Jack 的年龄将是 Bill 那时年龄的两倍。他们现在年龄相差多少?

The two digits in Jack’s age are the same as the digits in Bill’s age, but in reverse order. In five years Jack will be twice as old as Bill will be then. What is the difference in their current ages?

99

1818

2727

3636

4545

答案:B
难度评级:1410
小提示:

将 Jack 的年龄写成 10x+y10x + y,Bill 的年龄写成 10y+x10y + x

Write Jack’s age as 10x+y10x + y and Bill’s as 10y+x10y + x

大提示:

条件 10x+y+5=2(10y+x+5)10x + y + 5 = 2(10y + x + 5) 可化简为 8x=19y+58x = 19y + 5

The condition 10x+y+5=2(10y+x+5)10x + y + 5 = 2(10y + x + 5) reduces to 8x=19y+58x = 19y + 5

解答:

设 Jack 的年龄为 10x+y10x + y,Bill 的年龄为 10y+x10y + x。条件给出 10x+y+5=2(10y+x+5)10x + y + 5 = 2(10y + x + 5),即 8x=19y+58x = 19y + 5

由于 xxyy 是数字,唯一解为 y=1y = 1x=3x = 3

所以 Jack 为 3131 岁,Bill 为 1313 岁,差为 1818

所以正确答案是 B

Let Jack’s age be 10x+y10x + y and Bill’s be 10y+x.10y + x. In five years 10x+y+5=2(10y+x+5),10x + y + 5 = 2(10y + x + 5), which simplifies to 8x=19y+5.8x = 19y + 5.

Since xx and yy are digits, the only solution is y=1,y = 1, x=3.x = 3.

So Jack is 3131 and Bill is 13,13, a difference of 18.18.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

18.

在直角三角形 ACE\triangle ACE 中,AC=12AC = 12CE=16CE = 16EA=20EA = 20。点 BBDDFF 分别在 ACACCECEEAEA 上,且 AB=3AB = 3CD=4CD = 4EF=5EF = 5BDF\triangle BDF 的面积与 ACE\triangle ACE 的面积之比是多少?

In right triangle ACE,\triangle ACE, we have AC=12,AC = 12, CE=16,CE = 16, and EA=20.EA = 20. Points B,B, D,D, and FF are located on AC,AC, CE,CE, and EA,EA, respectively, so that AB=3,AB = 3, CD=4,CD = 4, and EF=5.EF = 5. What is the ratio of the area of BDF\triangle BDF to that of ACE?\triangle ACE?

14\dfrac{1}{4}

925\dfrac{9}{25}

38\dfrac{3}{8}

1125\dfrac{11}{25}

716\dfrac{7}{16}

答案:E
难度评级:1630
小提示:

ACE\triangle ACE 的面积是 12(12)(16)=96\tfrac12(12)(16) = 96

The area of ACE\triangle ACE is 12(12)(16)=96\tfrac12(12)(16) = 96

大提示:

减去三个角上的三角形;每个角上三角形的底和高都是大三角形相应底和高的已知比例。

Subtract the three corner triangles; each has a base and height that are known fractions of the big triangle’s

解答:

ACE\triangle ACE 的面积是 12(12)(16)=96\tfrac12(12)(16) = 96

三个角上的三角形 ABF\triangle ABFBCD\triangle BCDDEF\triangle DEF 的一组底和高,分别是 ACE\triangle ACE 中对应底和高的 34\tfrac3414\tfrac14。所以每个小三角形的面积都是 ACE\triangle ACE 面积的 1434=316\tfrac14 \cdot \tfrac34 = \tfrac{3}{16}

因此 [BDF][ACE]=13316=1916=716 \begin{aligned} \dfrac{[BDF]}{[ACE]} &= 1 - 3 \cdot \dfrac{3}{16} \\ &= 1 - \dfrac{9}{16} = \dfrac{7}{16} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

The area of ACE\triangle ACE is 12(12)(16)=96.\tfrac12(12)(16) = 96.

Each corner triangle ABF,\triangle ABF, BCD,\triangle BCD, and DEF\triangle DEF has a base and an altitude that are 34\tfrac34 and 14\tfrac14 of a corresponding base and altitude of ACE.\triangle ACE. So each has area 1434=316\tfrac14 \cdot \tfrac34 = \tfrac{3}{16} of ACE.\triangle ACE.

Hence [BDF][ACE]=13316=1916=716. \begin{aligned} \dfrac{[BDF]}{[ACE]} &= 1 - 3 \cdot \dfrac{3}{16} \\ &= 1 - \dfrac{9}{16} = \dfrac{7}{16}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

19.

在数列 200120012002200220032003\ldots 中,第三项之后每一项等于前面两项的和减去紧前一项。例如第四项为 2001+20022003=20002001 + 2002 - 2003 = 2000。这个数列的第 20042004 项是多少?

In the sequence 2001,2001, 2002,2002, 2003,2003, ,\ldots, each term after the third is found by subtracting the previous term from the sum of the two terms that precede that term. For example, the fourth term is 2001+20022003=2000.2001 + 2002 - 2003 = 2000. What is the 20042004th term in this sequence?

2004-2004

2-2

00

40034003

60076007

答案:C
难度评级:1460
小提示:

写出若干项:200120012002200220032003200020002005200519981998\ldots

Write out several terms: 2001,2001, 2002,2002, 2003,2003, 2000,2000, 2005,2005, 1998,1998, \ldots

大提示:

偶数位置的项每次减少 22

The even-position terms decrease by 22 each time

解答:

递推式 ak+1=ak2+ak1aka_{k+1} = a_{k-2} + a_{k-1} - a_k 给出 ak+1ak1=(akak2)a_{k+1} - a_{k-1} = -(a_k - a_{k-2})。数列开头为 200120012002200220032003200020002005200519981998\ldots

因此偶数位置项形成等差数列 2002,2000,1998,2002, 2000, 1998, \ldots,公差为 2-2。第 20042004 项是这个等差数列的第 10021002 项,即 2002+1001(2)=02002 + 1001(-2) = 0

所以正确答案是 C

The recurrence ak+1=ak2+ak1aka_{k+1} = a_{k-2} + a_{k-1} - a_k gives ak+1ak1=(akak2).a_{k+1} - a_{k-1} = -(a_k - a_{k-2}). The sequence begins 2001,2001, 2002,2002, 2003,2003, 2000,2000, 2005,2005, 1998,1998, \ldots

So the even-position terms form the arithmetic sequence 2002,2000,1998,2002, 2000, 1998, \ldots with common difference 2.-2. The 20042004th term is its 10021002nd term, 2002+1001(2)=0.2002 + 1001(-2) = 0.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

20.

ABC\triangle ABC 中,点 DDEE 分别在 BC\overline{BC}AC\overline{AC} 上。若 AD\overline{AD}BE\overline{BE} 交于 TT,且 ATDT=3\frac{AT}{DT} = 3BTET=4\frac{BT}{ET} = 4,求 CDBD\frac{CD}{BD}

In ABC\triangle ABC points DD and EE lie on BC\overline{BC} and AC,\overline{AC}, respectively. If AD\overline{AD} and BE\overline{BE} intersect at TT so that ATDT=3\frac{AT}{DT} = 3 and BTET=4,\frac{BT}{ET} = 4, what is CDBD?\frac{CD}{BD}?

18\dfrac{1}{8}

29\dfrac{2}{9}

310\dfrac{3}{10}

411\dfrac{4}{11}

512\dfrac{5}{12}

答案:D
难度评级:1840
小提示:

DD 作平行于 BE\overline{BE} 的直线,交 AC\overline{AC}FF

Draw the line through DD parallel to BE\overline{BE} meeting AC\overline{AC} at a point FF

大提示:

两组相似三角形给出 CDBC\frac{CD}{BC},再转化为 CDBD\frac{CD}{BD}

Two pairs of similar triangles give CDBC,\frac{CD}{BC}, which converts to CDBD\frac{CD}{BD}

解答:

FFAC\overline{AC} 上,且 DFBEDF \parallel BE。令 ET=xET = x,则 BT=4xBT = 4x

ATEADF\triangle ATE \sim \triangle ADF,得 DFx=ADAT=43\dfrac{DF}{x} = \dfrac{AD}{AT} = \dfrac{4}{3},所以 DF=4x3DF = \dfrac{4x}{3}

BECDFC\triangle BEC \sim \triangle DFC,得 CDBC=DFBE=4x35x=415\dfrac{CD}{BC} = \dfrac{DF}{BE} = \dfrac{\frac{4x}{3}}{5x} = \dfrac{4}{15}

因此 CDBD=CDBC1CDBC=4151115=411 \begin{aligned} \dfrac{CD}{BD} &= \dfrac{\frac{CD}{BC}}{1 - \frac{CD}{BC}} \\ &= \dfrac{\frac{4}{15}}{\frac{11}{15}} = \dfrac{4}{11} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

Let FF be on AC\overline{AC} with DFBE,DF \parallel BE, and write ET=x,ET = x, BT=4x.BT = 4x.

From ATEADF,\triangle ATE \sim \triangle ADF, DFx=ADAT=43,\dfrac{DF}{x} = \dfrac{AD}{AT} = \dfrac{4}{3}, so DF=4x3.DF = \dfrac{4x}{3}.

From BECDFC,\triangle BEC \sim \triangle DFC, CDBC=DFBE=4x35x=415.\dfrac{CD}{BC} = \dfrac{DF}{BE} = \dfrac{\frac{4x}{3}}{5x} = \dfrac{4}{15}.

Therefore CDBD=CDBC1CDBC=4151115=411. \begin{aligned} \dfrac{CD}{BD} &= \dfrac{\frac{CD}{BC}}{1 - \frac{CD}{BC}} \\ &= \dfrac{\frac{4}{15}}{\frac{11}{15}} = \dfrac{4}{11}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

21.

1144\ldots991616\ldots 是两个等差数列。集合 SS 是这两个数列各自前 20042004 项的并集。SS 中有多少个不同的数?

Let 1,1, 4,4, \ldots and 9,9, 16,16, \ldots be two arithmetic progressions. The set SS is the union of the first 20042004 terms of each sequence. How many distinct numbers are in S?S?

37223722

37323732

39143914

39243924

40074007

答案:A
难度评级:1740
小提示:

第一个数列公差为 33,最后一项为 1+32003=60101 + 3 \cdot 2003 = 6010

The first sequence has common difference 33 and last term 1+32003=60101 + 3 \cdot 2003 = 6010

大提示:

公共项从 1616 开始,间隔为 lcm(3,7)=21\mathrm{lcm}(3, 7) = 21;数出不超过 60106010 的公共项。

Common terms start at 1616 and are spaced by lcm(3,7)=21;\mathrm{lcm}(3, 7) = 21; count the terms not exceeding 60106010

解答:

第一个数列为 1+3k1 + 3k,最大项为 60106010。第二个数列为 9+7j9 + 7j,其最后一项更大,所以公共项上界由 60106010 限制。

公共项形如 16+21m16 + 21m,因为第一个公共项为 1616,且 lcm(3,7)=21\mathrm{lcm}(3, 7) = 21。由 16+21m601016 + 21m \le 60100m2850 \le m \le 285,共有 286286 个公共项。

因此不同数的个数为 2004+2004286=37222004 + 2004 - 286 = 3722

所以正确答案是 A

The first sequence is 1+3k1 + 3k with largest term 6010,6010, and the second is 9+7j9 + 7j with a much larger last term, so the binding limit is 6010.6010.

A common value has the form 16+21m16 + 21m (the first shared term is 16,16, spaced by lcm(3,7)=21\mathrm{lcm}(3, 7) = 21). Requiring 16+21m601016 + 21m \le 6010 gives 0m285,0 \le m \le 285, that is 286286 common numbers.

The number of distinct values is 2004+2004286=3722.2004 + 2004 - 286 = 3722.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

22.

一个边长为 5512121313 的三角形有内切圆和外接圆。这两个圆的圆心之间的距离是多少?

A triangle with sides of 5,5, 12,12, and 1313 has both an inscribed and a circumscribed circle. What is the distance between the centers of those circles?

352\dfrac{3\sqrt{5}}{2}

72\dfrac{7}{2}

15\sqrt{15}

652\dfrac{\sqrt{65}}{2}

92\dfrac{9}{2}

答案:D
难度评级:1770
小提示:

将直角三角形放在坐标系中,顶点取 (0,0)(0, 0)(5,0)(5, 0)(0,12)(0, 12)

Place the right triangle with vertices (0,0),(0, 0), (5,0),(5, 0), and (0,12)(0, 12)

大提示:

直角三角形的外心是斜边中点;内切圆半径为 r=a+bc2r = \tfrac{a + b - c}{2}

The circumcenter is the midpoint of the hypotenuse; a right triangle’s inradius is r=a+bc2r = \tfrac{a + b - c}{2}

解答:

因为 52+122=1325^2 + 12^2 = 13^2,这是直角三角形。将顶点放在 (0,0)(0, 0)(5,0)(5, 0)(0,12)(0, 12),则外心为斜边中点 (52,6)\left(\tfrac52, 6\right)

内切圆半径满足 (12r)+(5r)=13(12 - r) + (5 - r) = 13,所以 r=2r = 2,内心为 (2,2)(2, 2)

两圆心之间的距离为 (522)2+(62)2=14+16=652 \begin{gathered} \sqrt{\left(\tfrac52 - 2\right)^2 + (6 - 2)^2} \\ = \sqrt{\tfrac14 + 16} \\ = \dfrac{\sqrt{65}}{2} \end{gathered}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

Since 52+122=132,5^2 + 12^2 = 13^2, the triangle is right. Place it at (0,0),(0, 0), (5,0),(5, 0), (0,12).(0, 12). The circumcenter is the midpoint of the hypotenuse, (52,6).\left(\tfrac52, 6\right).

The inradius satisfies (12r)+(5r)=13,(12 - r) + (5 - r) = 13, so r=2r = 2 and the incenter is (2,2).(2, 2).

The distance is (522)2+(62)2=14+16=652. \begin{gathered} \sqrt{\left(\tfrac52 - 2\right)^2 + (6 - 2)^2} \\ = \sqrt{\tfrac14 + 16} \\ = \dfrac{\sqrt{65}}{2}. \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is D.

23.

一个立方体的每个面独立地以概率 12\tfrac12 涂成红色或蓝色。这个涂色立方体可以放在水平面上,使四个竖直面颜色全相同的概率是多少?

Each face of a cube is painted either red or blue, each with probability 12.\tfrac12. The color of each face is determined independently. What is the probability that the painted cube can be placed on a horizontal surface so that the four vertical faces are all the same color?

14\dfrac{1}{4}

516\dfrac{5}{16}

38\dfrac{3}{8}

716\dfrac{7}{16}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

答案:B
难度评级:1990
小提示:

固定立方体方向,共有 26=642^6 = 64 种等可能涂色。

Fixing the cube’s orientation, there are 26=642^6 = 64 equally likely colorings

大提示:

可行涂色包括:六面同色、恰好五面同色,或四面同色且剩下两面为相对面并为另一种颜色。

The working colorings are: all one color, exactly five one color, or four of one color with the opposite pair the other

解答:

固定立方体方向,共有 26=642^6 = 64 种涂色。

可行情况包括:六面同色,有 22 种;恰好五面同色,有 (65)2=12\binom{6}{5} \cdot 2 = 12 种;以及四个面同色而剩下的一对相对面为另一种颜色,有 33 组相对面、22 种颜色,共 66 种。

总共有 2+12+6=202 + 12 + 6 = 20 种,所以概率为 2064=516\dfrac{20}{64} = \dfrac{5}{16}

所以正确答案是 B

Fixing the orientation, there are 26=642^6 = 64 colorings.

A coloring works if all six faces match (22 ways), exactly five match ((65)2=12\binom{6}{5} \cdot 2 = 12 ways), or four faces share a color with the remaining pair being opposite faces of the other color (33 opposite pairs, 22 colors, giving 66 ways).

The total is 2+12+6=20,2 + 12 + 6 = 20, so the probability is 2064=516.\dfrac{20}{64} = \dfrac{5}{16}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

24.

ABC\triangle ABC 中,AB=7AB = 7AC=8AC = 8BC=9BC = 9。点 DD 在三角形的外接圆上,使得 AD\overline{AD} 平分 BAC\angle BAC。求 ADCD\frac{AD}{CD}

In ABC\triangle ABC we have AB=7,AB = 7, AC=8,AC = 8, and BC=9.BC = 9. Point DD is on the circumscribed circle of the triangle so that AD\overline{AD} bisects BAC.\angle BAC. What is the value of ADCD?\frac{AD}{CD}?

98\dfrac{9}{8}

53\dfrac{5}{3}

22

177\dfrac{17}{7}

52\dfrac{5}{2}

答案:B
难度评级:2030
小提示:

AD\overline{AD}BC\overline{BC}EE;圆周角定理给出 ABE=ADC\angle ABE = \angle ADC

Let AD\overline{AD} meet BC\overline{BC} at E;E; inscribed angles give ABE=ADC\angle ABE = \angle ADC

大提示:

三角形 ABEABE 与三角形 ADCADC 相似,所以 ADCD=ABBE\frac{AD}{CD} = \frac{AB}{BE};再由角平分线定理求 BEBE

Triangles ABEABE and ADCADC are similar, so ADCD=ABBE;\frac{AD}{CD} = \frac{AB}{BE}; find BEBE from the Angle Bisector Theorem

解答:

AD\overline{AD}BC\overline{BC}EE。因为 ABC\angle ABCADC\angle ADC 截同弧,所以它们相等;又有 EAB=CAD\angle EAB = \angle CAD,因此 ABEADC\triangle ABE \sim \triangle ADC

因此 ADCD=ABBE\dfrac{AD}{CD} = \dfrac{AB}{BE}

由角平分线定理,BEEC=ABAC\dfrac{BE}{EC} = \dfrac{AB}{AC},所以 BE=ABBCAB+AC=7915BE = \dfrac{AB \cdot BC}{AB + AC} = \dfrac{7 \cdot 9}{15}

因此 ADCD=ABBE=AB+ACBC=159=53 \begin{aligned} \dfrac{AD}{CD} &= \dfrac{AB}{BE} = \dfrac{AB + AC}{BC} \\ &= \dfrac{15}{9} = \dfrac{5}{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

Let AD\overline{AD} meet BC\overline{BC} at E.E. Since ABC\angle ABC and ADC\angle ADC subtend the same arc, they are equal, and EAB=CAD,\angle EAB = \angle CAD, so ABEADC.\triangle ABE \sim \triangle ADC.

Hence ADCD=ABBE.\dfrac{AD}{CD} = \dfrac{AB}{BE}.

By the Angle Bisector Theorem, BEEC=ABAC,\dfrac{BE}{EC} = \dfrac{AB}{AC}, so BE=ABBCAB+AC=7915.BE = \dfrac{AB \cdot BC}{AB + AC} = \dfrac{7 \cdot 9}{15}.

Therefore ADCD=ABBE=AB+ACBC=159=53. \begin{aligned} \dfrac{AD}{CD} &= \dfrac{AB}{BE} = \dfrac{AB + AC}{BC} \\ &= \dfrac{15}{9} = \dfrac{5}{3}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

25.

一个半径为 11 的圆在点 AABB 处分别与两个半径为 22 的圆内切,其中 ABAB 是小圆的一条直径。求图中阴影区域面积,该区域位于小圆外部且在两个大圆内部。

A circle of radius 11 is internally tangent to two circles of radius 22 at points AA and B,B, where ABAB is a diameter of the smaller circle. What is the area of the region, shaded in the figure, that is outside the smaller circle and inside each of the two larger circles?

53π32\dfrac{5}{3}\pi - 3\sqrt{2}

53π23\dfrac{5}{3}\pi - 2\sqrt{3}

83π33\dfrac{8}{3}\pi - 3\sqrt{3}

83π32\dfrac{8}{3}\pi - 3\sqrt{2}

83π23\dfrac{8}{3}\pi - 2\sqrt{3}

答案:B
难度评级:2270
小提示:

由对称性,阴影区域可以分成四个全等部分;先求其中四分之一。

By symmetry the shaded region splits into four congruent pieces; compute one quarter

大提示:

一个四分之一部分等于大圆的 6060^\circ 扇形减去一个直角三角形,再减去小圆的四分之一。

One quarter is a 6060^\circ sector of a large circle minus a right triangle minus a quarter of the small circle

解答:

设两个大圆圆心为 AABB,小圆圆心为 CC,两个大圆的一个交点为 DD

ACD\triangle ACD 是直角三角形,且 AC=1AC = 1AD=2AD = 2,所以 CD=3CD = \sqrt3CAD=60\angle CAD = 60^\circ,其面积为 32\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}

阴影区域的四分之一等于半径为 22 的大圆中一个 6060^\circ 扇形面积 2π3\dfrac{2\pi}{3},减去 ACD\triangle ACD 的面积 32\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2},再减去小圆四分之一的面积 π4\dfrac{\pi}{4},得到 2π332π4=5π1232\dfrac{2\pi}{3} - \dfrac{\sqrt3}{2} - \dfrac{\pi}{4} = \dfrac{5\pi}{12} - \dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}

乘以 44,阴影总面积为 5π323\dfrac{5\pi}{3} - 2\sqrt3

所以正确答案是 B

Let the large circles have centers AA and B,B, let CC be the center of the small circle, and let DD be a point where the two large circles meet.

Then ACD\triangle ACD is right with AC=1AC = 1 and AD=2,AD = 2, so CD=3,CD = \sqrt3, CAD=60,\angle CAD = 60^\circ, and its area is 32.\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}.

One quarter of the shaded region equals the 6060^\circ sector of the radius-22 circle (area 2π3\dfrac{2\pi}{3}) minus ACD\triangle ACD (area 32\dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}) minus a quarter of the small circle (area π4\dfrac{\pi}{4}), giving 2π332π4=5π1232.\dfrac{2\pi}{3} - \dfrac{\sqrt3}{2} - \dfrac{\pi}{4} = \dfrac{5\pi}{12} - \dfrac{\sqrt3}{2}.

Multiplying by 4,4, the shaded area is 5π323.\dfrac{5\pi}{3} - 2\sqrt3.

Thus, the correct answer is B.