2021 AMC 10A Fall 第 24 题

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24.

一个立方体的 1212 条棱各被标为 0011。即使一个标法可由另一个标法通过一次或多次旋转和/或反射得到,这两个标法仍视为不同。有多少种这样的标法,使得立方体 66 个面中每个面的四条边标签和都等于 22

Each of the 1212 edges of a cube is labeled 00 or 1.1. Two labelings are considered different even if one can be obtained from the other by a sequence of one or more rotations and/or reflections. For how many such labelings is the sum of the labels on the edges of each of the 66 faces of the cube equal to 2?2?

88

1010

1212

1616

2020

答案:E
知识点:有限制的排列正方体分类讨论
难度评级:2390
解答:

先标记一个面为 ABCDABCD。每个面必须包含两个 00 和两个 11,所以先按 ABCDABCD 四条棱的标签模式分类。

情形一:ABCDABCD 的相对棱标签相同。ABCDABCD 上有 22 种这样的模式;任选一条竖直棱(如 AEAE)的标签后,其余标签都被确定。因此共有 22=42\cdot2=4 种标法。

情形二:ABCDABCD 的相对棱标签不同。ABCDABCD 上有 44 种这样的模式;对每种模式,相邻两条竖直棱的标签有 44 种选择,其余标签随即确定。因此共有 44=164\cdot4=16 种标法。

总数为 4+16=204+16=20

所以正确答案是 E

Label one face ABCD.ABCD. Each face must contain two 00s and two 11s, so first split by the pattern on the four edges of ABCD.ABCD.

Case 1: opposite edges of ABCDABCD have the same label. There are 22 such patterns on ABCD.ABCD. For either pattern, once the label of one vertical edge, say AE,AE, is chosen, the face-sum conditions force all remaining labels. This gives 22=42\cdot2=4 labelings.

Case 2: opposite edges of ABCDABCD have different labels. There are 44 such patterns on ABCD.ABCD. For each, the labels of two adjacent vertical edges may be chosen in 44 ways, and then the remaining labels are forced by the face-sum conditions. This gives 44=164\cdot4=16 labelings.

The total is 4+16=20.4+16=20.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

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