2020 AMC 10A 第 24 题

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24.

nn 为大于 10001000 的最小正整数,满足 且 nn 的各位数字之和是多少? gcd(63,n+120)=21andgcd(n+63,120)=60. \begin{gathered} \gcd(63,n+120)=21\\ \text{and}\\ \gcd(n+63,120)=60. \end{gathered}

Let nn be the least positive integer greater than 10001000 for which gcd(63,n+120)=21andgcd(n+63,120)=60. \begin{gathered} \gcd(63,n+120)=21\\ \text{and}\\ \gcd(n+63,120)=60. \end{gathered} What is the sum of the digits of n?n?

1212

1515

1818

2121

2424

答案:C
知识点:最大公约数中国剩余定理模运算
难度评级:1820
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文字解答:

第一条给出 n+1200(mod21)n+120\equiv0\pmod{21},即 n6(mod21)n\equiv6\pmod{21},但 n+120n+120 不能被 6363 整除。第二条给出 n+630(mod60)n+63\equiv0\pmod{60},即 n57(mod60)n\equiv57\pmod{60},但 n+63n+63 不能被 120120 整除。

联立 n6(mod21)n\equiv6\pmod{21}n57(mod60)n\equiv57\pmod{60},得 n237(mod420)n\equiv237\pmod{420}。大于 10001000 的候选为 1077,1497,1917,1077,1497,1917,\ldots。第一个不满足第一条最大公因数条件,第二个不满足第二条,19171917 满足。数字和为 1818。正确答案是 C

The first gcd condition gives n+1200(mod21)n+120\equiv0\pmod{21}, so n6(mod21)n\equiv6\pmod{21}, but n+120n+120 must not be divisible by 6363. The second gives n+630(mod60)n+63\equiv0\pmod{60}, so n57(mod60)n\equiv57\pmod{60}, but n+63n+63 must not be divisible by 120120.

Solving n6(mod21)n\equiv6\pmod{21} and n57(mod60)n\equiv57\pmod{60} gives n237(mod420)n\equiv237\pmod{420}. The candidates above 10001000 are 1077,1497,1917,1077,1497,1917,\ldots. The first fails the first gcd condition, the second fails the second gcd condition, and 19171917 works. The digit sum is 1818. Thus, C is the correct answer.

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