2014 AMC 10A 第 24 题

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24.

一个自然数序列按如下方式构造:先列出前 44 个数,然后跳过一个数;再列出接下来的 55 个数,跳过 22 个数;再列出 66 个数,跳过 33 个数;在第 nn 次迭代中,列出 n+3n+3 个数并跳过 nn 个数。该序列开头为 这个序列的第 500,000500,000 个数是多少? 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,13.1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,13.

A sequence of natural numbers is constructed by listing the first 4,4, then skipping one, listing the next 5,5, skipping 2,2, listing 6,6, skipping 3,3, and on the nnth iteration, listing n+3n+3 and skipping n.n. The sequence begins 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,13.1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,13. What is the 500,000500,000th number in the sequence?

996, ⁣506996,\!506

996, ⁣507996,\!507

996, ⁣508996,\!508

996, ⁣509996,\!509

996, ⁣510996,\!510

答案:A
知识点:等差数列求和三角形数
难度评级:1790
解答:

完整 nn 次迭代后,列出的项数为 4+5++(n+3)=n(n+7)24+5+\cdots+(n+3)=\frac{n(n+7)}2

需要最大的 nn 使 n(n+7)2<500000\frac{n(n+7)}2<500000。因为 9961003=998988996\cdot1003=998988,所以 996996 次迭代后列出了 499494499494 项。

997997 次迭代列出的第一个数,是此前所有列出和跳过的数的总数再加一,即 9962+4996+1=996001996^2+4\cdot996+1=996001

500000500000 个列出的数,是下一段中的第 500000499494=506500000-499494=506 个数,所以它是 996001+505=996506996001+505=996506

所以正确答案是 A

After nn full iterations, the number of listed terms is 4+5++(n+3)=n(n+7)24+5+\cdots+(n+3)=\frac{n(n+7)}2.

We need the largest nn with n(n+7)2<500000\frac{n(n+7)}2<500000. Since 9961003=998988996\cdot1003=998988, after 996996 iterations there are 499494499494 listed numbers.

The first number listed in iteration 997997 is one more than the total of all listed and skipped numbers so far, namely 9962+4996+1=996001996^2+4\cdot996+1=996001.

The 500000500000th listed number is the 500000499494=506500000-499494=506th number of this next block, so it is 996001+505=996506996001+505=996506.

Thus, A is the correct answer.

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