2006 AIME II 第 6 题

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6.

正方形 ABCDABCD 的边长为 11。点 EEFF 分别在 BC\overline{BC}CD\overline{CD} 上,使得 AEF\triangle AEF 是等边三角形。一个以 BB 为顶点的正方形的边与 ABCDABCD 的边平行,且有一个顶点在 AE\overline{AE} 上。这个小正方形的边长为 abc\frac{a - \sqrt{b}}{c},其中 aabbcc 是正整数,且 bb 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 a+b+ca + b + c

Square ABCDABCD has sides of length 1.1. Points EE and FF are on BC\overline{BC} and CD,\overline{CD}, respectively, so that AEF\triangle AEF is equilateral. A square with vertex BB has sides that are parallel to those of ABCDABCD and a vertex on AE.\overline{AE}. The length of a side of this smaller square is abc,\frac{a - \sqrt{b}}{c}, where a,a, b,b, and cc are positive integers and bb is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find a+b+c.a + b + c.

答案:12
知识点:等边三角形正方形(几何)坐标几何
难度评级:2510
解答:

A=(0,0)A = (0, 0)B=(1,0)B = (1, 0)C=(1,1)C = (1, 1)D=(0,1)D = (0, 1)。 由等边三角形关于 对角线 AC\overline{AC} 的对称性,有 BE=DFBE = DF。 令 BE=tBE = t, 则 CE=CF=1tCE = CF = 1 - t。 于是 AE2=1+t2AE^2 = 1 + t^2EF2=2(1t)2EF^2 = 2(1 - t)^2, 令二者相等得到 t24t+1=0t^2 - 4t + 1 = 0, 所以 t=23t = 2 - \sqrt{3}(取小于 11 的根)。

因此 E=(1,23)E = (1,\, 2 - \sqrt{3}),直线 AEAEy=(23)xy = (2 - \sqrt{3})x。若小正方形的边长为 qq,则它与 BB 相对的顶点是 (1q,q)(1 - q,\, q),该点必须在直线 AEAE 上: q=(23)(1q)q=2333=(23)(3+3)6=336. \begin{aligned} q &= (2 - \sqrt{3})(1 - q) \\ &\Longrightarrow q = \frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{3 - \sqrt{3}} \\ &= \frac{(2 - \sqrt{3})(3 + \sqrt{3})}{6} \\ &= \frac{3 - \sqrt{3}}{6}. \end{aligned}

所以 a=3a = 3b=3b = 3c=6c = 6, 且 a+b+c=12a + b + c = 12

Place A=(0,0),A = (0, 0), B=(1,0),B = (1, 0), C=(1,1),C = (1, 1), D=(0,1).D = (0, 1). By the symmetry of the equilateral triangle across diagonal AC,\overline{AC}, we have BE=DF.BE = DF. Let BE=t,BE = t, so CE=CF=1t.CE = CF = 1 - t. Then AE2=1+t2AE^2 = 1 + t^2 and EF2=2(1t)2,EF^2 = 2(1 - t)^2, and setting them equal gives t24t+1=0,t^2 - 4t + 1 = 0, so t=23t = 2 - \sqrt{3} (taking the root less than 11).

Thus E=(1,23),E = (1,\, 2 - \sqrt{3}), and line AEAE is y=(23)x.y = (2 - \sqrt{3})x. If the smaller square has side q,q, its vertex opposite BB is (1q,q),(1 - q,\, q), which must lie on line AE:AE: q=(23)(1q)q=2333=(23)(3+3)6=336. \begin{aligned} q &= (2 - \sqrt{3})(1 - q) \\ &\Longrightarrow q = \frac{2 - \sqrt{3}}{3 - \sqrt{3}} \\ &= \frac{(2 - \sqrt{3})(3 + \sqrt{3})}{6} \\ &= \frac{3 - \sqrt{3}}{6}. \end{aligned}

So a=3,a = 3, b=3,b = 3, c=6,c = 6, and a+b+c=12.a + b + c = 12.

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