2001 AIME II 第 6 题

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6.

正方形 ABCDABCD 内接于一个圆。正方形 EFGHEFGH 的顶点 EEFFCD\overline{CD} 上,顶点 GGHH 在圆上。正方形 EFGHEFGH 的面积与正方形 ABCDABCD 的面积之比可表示为 mn\frac{m}{n},其中 mmnn 是互质正整数且 m<nm \lt n。求 10n+m10n + m

Square ABCDABCD is inscribed in a circle. Square EFGHEFGH has vertices EE and FF on CD\overline{CD} and vertices GG and HH on the circle. The ratio of the area of square EFGHEFGH to the area of square ABCDABCD can be expressed as mn,\frac{m}{n}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers and m<n.m \lt n. Find 10n+m.10n + m.

答案:251
知识点:正方形(几何)坐标几何二次方程
难度评级:2390
解答:

将圆心放在原点,设 ABCDABCD 的边长为 ss,于是圆为 x2+y2=s22x^2 + y^2 = \frac{s^2}{2},边 CD\overline{CD} 位于直线 y=s2y = \frac{s}{2} 上。小正方形立在 CD\overline{CD} 上,并在 ABCDABCD 外侧:若它的边长为 tt,由对称性 G=(t2,s2+t)G = \left(\frac{t}{2}, \frac{s}{2} + t\right),且该点必须在圆上。

代入得 t24+(s2+t)2=s22\frac{t^2}{4} + \left(\frac{s}{2} + t\right)^2 = \frac{s^2}{2},展开为 5t2+4sts2=05t^2 + 4st - s^2 = 0,即 (5ts)(t+s)=0(5t - s)(t + s) = 0。因为 t>0t \gt 0,得 t=s5t = \frac{s}{5}

面积比为 t2s2=125\frac{t^2}{s^2} = \frac{1}{25},所以 m=1m = 1n=25n = 25,且 10n+m=25110n + m = 251

Center the circle at the origin and let ABCDABCD have side s,s, so the circle is x2+y2=s22x^2 + y^2 = \frac{s^2}{2} and side CD\overline{CD} lies on the line y=s2.y = \frac{s}{2}. The small square sits on CD,\overline{CD}, outside ABCD:ABCD: if its side is t,t, then by symmetry G=(t2,s2+t),G = \left(\frac{t}{2}, \frac{s}{2} + t\right), which must lie on the circle.

Substituting, t24+(s2+t)2=s22,\frac{t^2}{4} + \left(\frac{s}{2} + t\right)^2 = \frac{s^2}{2}, which expands to 5t2+4sts2=0,5t^2 + 4st - s^2 = 0, or (5ts)(t+s)=0.(5t - s)(t + s) = 0. Since t>0,t \gt 0, we get t=s5.t = \frac{s}{5}.

The ratio of areas is t2s2=125,\frac{t^2}{s^2} = \frac{1}{25}, so m=1,m = 1, n=25,n = 25, and 10n+m=251.10n + m = 251.

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