2000 AIME I 第 6 题

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6.

有多少个整数有序对 (x,y)(x, y) 满足 0<x<y<1060 \lt x \lt y \lt 10^6,且 xxyy 的算术平均数恰好比 xxyy 的几何平均数大 22

For how many ordered pairs (x,y)(x, y) of integers is it true that 0<x<y<1060 \lt x \lt y \lt 10^6 and that the arithmetic mean of xx and yy is exactly 22 more than the geometric mean of xx and y?y?

答案:997
知识点:完全平方数根式代数变形
难度评级:2230
解答:

条件为 x+y2=xy+2\frac{x + y}{2} = \sqrt{xy} + 2,即 x+y2xy=4x + y - 2\sqrt{xy} = 4,所以 (yx)2=4(\sqrt{y} - \sqrt{x})^2 = 4。由于 y>xy \gt xyx=2\sqrt{y} - \sqrt{x} = 2。注意 xy=x+y42\sqrt{xy} = \frac{x + y - 4}{2} 是有理数,因此 y+x=yxyx=yx2\sqrt{y} + \sqrt{x} = \frac{y - x}{\sqrt{y} - \sqrt{x}} = \frac{y - x}{2} 也是有理数,所以 x\sqrt{x}y\sqrt{y} 都是有理数;整数的有理平方根必为整数。

因此 x=a2x = a^2y=(a+2)2y = (a + 2)^2,其中 aa 为正整数。约束 y<106y \lt 10^6 等价于 a+2999a + 2 \le 999,所以 aa 可取 1,2,,9971, 2, \ldots, 997,每个值都给出一个有效有序对。

所以共有 997997 个有序对。

The condition is x+y2=xy+2,\frac{x + y}{2} = \sqrt{xy} + 2, that is, x+y2xy=4,x + y - 2\sqrt{xy} = 4, so (yx)2=4(\sqrt{y} - \sqrt{x})^2 = 4 and (as y>xy \gt x) yx=2.\sqrt{y} - \sqrt{x} = 2. Note xy=x+y42\sqrt{xy} = \frac{x + y - 4}{2} is rational, hence y+x=yxyx=yx2\sqrt{y} + \sqrt{x} = \frac{y - x}{\sqrt{y} - \sqrt{x}} = \frac{y - x}{2} is rational too, so x\sqrt{x} and y\sqrt{y} are rational — and a rational square root of an integer is an integer.

Therefore x=a2x = a^2 and y=(a+2)2y = (a + 2)^2 for a positive integer a.a. The constraint y<106y \lt 10^6 means a+2999,a + 2 \le 999, so aa ranges over 1,2,,997,1, 2, \ldots, 997, and each value gives a valid pair.

Hence there are 997997 ordered pairs.

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