1999 AIME 第 6 题

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6.

坐标平面第一象限上的一个变换把每个点 (x,y)(x, y) 映射到点 (x,y)(\sqrt{x}, \sqrt{y})。 四边形 ABCDABCD 的顶点为 A=(900,300)A = (900, 300)B=(1800,600)B = (1800, 600)C=(600,1800)C = (600, 1800), 和 D=(300,900)D = (300, 900)。 设 kk 为四边形 ABCDABCD 的像所围成区域的面积。求不超过 kk 的最大整数。

A transformation of the first quadrant of the coordinate plane maps each point (x,y)(x, y) to the point (x,y).(\sqrt{x}, \sqrt{y}). The vertices of quadrilateral ABCDABCD are A=(900,300),A = (900, 300), B=(1800,600),B = (1800, 600), C=(600,1800),C = (600, 1800), and D=(300,900).D = (300, 900). Let kk be the area of the region enclosed by the image of quadrilateral ABCD.ABCD. Find the greatest integer that does not exceed k.k.

答案:314
知识点:变换坐标几何扇形圆环
难度评级:2450
解答:

追踪四条边。边 ABABDCDC 分别在直线 y=x3y = \frac{x}{3}y=3xy = 3x 上, 它们映射成直线 v=u3v = \frac{u}{\sqrt{3}}v=3uv = \sqrt{3}\,u,也就是从原点出发、 与横轴成 3030^\circ6060^\circ 的射线。边 ADADBCBC 分别在 x+y=1200x + y = 1200x+y=2400x + y = 2400 上,它们映射成圆 u2+v2=1200u^2 + v^2 = 1200u2+v2=2400u^2 + v^2 = 2400 的圆弧。

因此像区域是半径在 1200\sqrt{1200}2400\sqrt{2400} 之间、夹在 3030^\circ6060^\circ 两条射线之间的圆环扇形,是完整圆环的十二分之一: k=30360π(24001200)=100π314.16. \begin{aligned} k &= \frac{30}{360}\,\pi\,(2400 - 1200) \\ &= 100\pi \approx 314.16. \end{aligned}

不超过 kk 的最大整数是 314314

Follow the four edges. Sides ABAB and DCDC lie on the lines y=x3y = \frac{x}{3} and y=3x,y = 3x, which map to the lines v=u3v = \frac{u}{\sqrt{3}} and v=3uv = \sqrt{3}\,u — rays from the origin at angles 3030^\circ and 60.60^\circ. Sides ADAD and BCBC lie on x+y=1200x + y = 1200 and x+y=2400,x + y = 2400, which map to arcs of the circles u2+v2=1200u^2 + v^2 = 1200 and u2+v2=2400.u^2 + v^2 = 2400.

So the image is the part of the annulus between radii 1200\sqrt{1200} and 2400\sqrt{2400} lying between the 3030^\circ and 6060^\circ rays, one twelfth of the full annulus: k=30360π(24001200)=100π314.16. \begin{aligned} k &= \frac{30}{360}\,\pi\,(2400 - 1200) \\ &= 100\pi \approx 314.16. \end{aligned}

The greatest integer not exceeding kk is 314.314.

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