2018 AMC 10A 第 12 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

12.

有多少个实数有序对 (x,y)(x,y) 满足方程组 { x+3y=3 xy=1\begin{cases} ~x+3y&=3 \\ ~\big||x|-|y|\big|&=1 \end{cases}

How many ordered pairs of real numbers (x,y)(x,y) satisfy the following system of equations? { x+3y=3 xy=1\begin{cases} ~x+3y&=3 \\ ~\big||x|-|y|\big|&=1 \end{cases}

11

22

33

44

88

答案:C
知识点:绝对值方程组分类讨论
难度评级:1370
解答:

第二个方程等价于 xy=1|x|-|y|=1xy=1|x|-|y|=-1,因此只需检查四种线性关系 x=y±1x=y\pm1x=y±1x=-y\pm1

分别与 x+3y=3x+3y=3 联立,得到 (x,y)=(32,12)(x,y)=\left(\dfrac32,\dfrac12\right)(0,1)(0,1)、再次得到 (0,1)(0,1),以及 (3,2)(-3,2)

其中有三个互不相同的有序对,而且都满足原绝对值方程。因此正确答案是 C

The second equation says xy=1|x|-|y|=1 or xy=1|x|-|y|=-1, so it is enough to check the four linear possibilities x=y±1x=y\pm1 and x=y±1x=-y\pm1.

Combining these with x+3y=3x+3y=3 gives (x,y)=(32,12)(x,y)=\left(\dfrac32,\dfrac12\right), (0,1)(0,1), (0,1)(0,1) again, and (3,2)(-3,2).

These are three distinct ordered pairs, and each satisfies the original absolute-value equation. Thus, C is the correct answer.

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