2012 AMC 10B 第 12 题

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12.

BB 在点 AA 的正东方向。点 CC 在点 BB 的正北方向。点 AACC 之间的距离为 10210\sqrt 2 米,且 BAC=45\angle BAC = 45^\circ。点 DD 在点 CC 正北 2020 米处。距离 ADAD 介于哪两个整数之间?

Point BB is due east of point A.A. Point CC is due north of point B.B. The distance between points AA and CC is 10210\sqrt 2 meters, and BAC=45.\angle BAC = 45^\circ. Point DD is 2020 meters due north of point C.C. The distance ADAD is between which two integers?

30303131

30 30 and 31 31

31313232

31 31 and 32 32

32323333

32 32 and 33 33

33333434

33 33 and 34 34

34343535

34 34 and 35 35

答案:B
知识点:勾股定理特殊直角三角形估算
难度评级:1140
小提示:

三角形 ABCABC4545-4545-9090 三角形。

Triangle ABCABC is 4545-4545-9090

大提示:

ABABBDBD,再用勾股定理。

Find ABAB and BDBD, then use the Pythagorean Theorem

解答:

因为 ABABBCBC 垂直,所以 AB2+BC2=(102)2=200AB^2 + BC^2 = (10\sqrt 2)^2 = 200\text{。} 又因为 BAC=45\angle BAC = 45^\circABC\triangle ABC 是等腰直角三角形,所以 AB=BCAB = BC ,从而 2AB2=2002AB^2 = 200。因此 AB=BC=10AB = BC = 10

于是 BD=BC+CD=30BD= BC+CD = 30\text{。} 由勾股定理, AD2=AB2+BD2=102+302=1000\begin{aligned}AD^2 &= AB^2+BD^2 \\&= 10^2+30^2\\&=1000\end{aligned} 因为 312<AD2<32231^2 \lt AD^2 \lt 32^2\text{,} 所以 31<AD<3231 \lt AD\lt 32

所以正确答案是 B

We know ABAB and BCBC are perpendicular, so AB2+BC2=(102)2=200.AB^2 + BC^2 = (10\sqrt 2)^2 = 200. Also, as BAC=45,\angle BAC = 45^\circ, we know that ABC\triangle ABC is an isosceles right triangle, so AB=BC,AB = BC , making 2AB2=200.2AB^2 = 200. Thus, AB=BC=10.AB = BC = 10.

As such, we know that BD=BC+CD=30.BD= BC+CD = 30. Thus, by the Pythagorean Theorem, we have that AD2=AB2+BD2=102+302=1000\begin{aligned}AD^2 &= AB^2+BD^2 \\&= 10^2+30^2\\&=1000\end{aligned} Thus, since 312<AD2<322,31^2 \lt AD^2 \lt 32^2, we have 31<AD<3231 \lt AD\lt 32

Thus, the correct answer is B .

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