2021 AMC 10B Fall Problem 12

Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 12 of the 2021 AMC 10B Fall, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2021 AMC 10B Fall solutions, or check the answer key.

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Concepts:algebraic manipulationDiophantine Equation

Difficulty rating: 1370

12.

Which of the following conditions is sufficient to guarantee that integers x,x, y,y, and zz satisfy the equation x(xy)+y(yz)+z(zx)x(x-y)+y(y-z)+z(z-x) =1?= 1?

x > y and y=zy=z

x=y1 x=y-1 and y=z1y=z-1

x=z+1 x=z+1 and y=x+1y=x+1

x=z x=z and y1=xy-1=x

x+y+z=1 x+y+z=1

Solution:

Expand and rewrite: x(xy)+y(yz)+z(zx)=(xy)2+(yz)2+(zx)22.x(x-y)+y(y-z)+z(z-x)=\frac{(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2}{2}.

For the value to be 11, the three nonnegative square terms must sum to 22. Since x,y,zx,y,z are integers, this means the squared differences are 1,1,01,1,0.

Thus two of the variables must be equal, and the third must differ from them by 11. The condition x=zx=z and y1=xy-1=x guarantees exactly that.

Thus, the answer is D .

Problem 12 in Other Years