2017 AIME II 第 6 题

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6.

求所有正整数 nn 的和,使得 n2+85n+2017\sqrt{n^2 + 85n + 2017} 是整数。

Find the sum of all positive integers nn such that n2+85n+2017\sqrt{n^2 + 85n + 2017} is an integer.

答案:195
知识点:丢番图方程配方法平方差
难度评级:2450
解答:

n2+85n+2017=m2n^2 + 85n + 2017 = m^2,其中 mm。 是正整数。两边乘以 44 并配方,得到 (2n+85)2+843=4m2(2n + 85)^2 + 843 = 4m^2,所以 (2m2n85)(2m+2n+85)=843=3281, \begin{aligned} &(2m - 2n - 85)(2m + 2n + 85) \\ &= 843 = 3 \cdot 281, \end{aligned} 其中 281281 是质数。两个因数都是正数,且第二个更大,所以要么 2m2n85=12m - 2n - 85 = 12m+2n+85=8432m + 2n + 85 = 843,要么 2m2n85=32m - 2n - 85 = 32m+2n+85=2812m + 2n + 85 = 281

第一个方程组给出 m=211m = 211n=168n = 168,并且确实有 1682+85168+2017168^2 + 85 \cdot 168 + 2017 =44521=2112= 44521 = 211^2。第二个方程组给出 m=71m = 71n=27n = 27,且 272+8527+201727^2 + 85 \cdot 27 + 2017 =5041=712= 5041 = 71^2

所求和为 168+27=195168 + 27 = 195

Suppose n2+85n+2017=m2n^2 + 85n + 2017 = m^2 for a positive integer m.m. Multiplying by 44 and completing the square gives (2n+85)2+843=4m2,(2n + 85)^2 + 843 = 4m^2, so (2m2n85)(2m+2n+85)=843=3281, \begin{aligned} &(2m - 2n - 85)(2m + 2n + 85) \\ &= 843 = 3 \cdot 281, \end{aligned} where 281281 is prime. Both factors are positive with the second one larger, so either 2m2n85=12m - 2n - 85 = 1 and 2m+2n+85=843,2m + 2n + 85 = 843, or 2m2n85=32m - 2n - 85 = 3 and 2m+2n+85=281.2m + 2n + 85 = 281.

The first system gives m=211m = 211 and n=168,n = 168, and indeed 1682+85168+2017168^2 + 85 \cdot 168 + 2017 =44521=2112.= 44521 = 211^2. The second gives m=71m = 71 and n=27,n = 27, with 272+8527+201727^2 + 85 \cdot 27 + 2017 =5041=712.= 5041 = 71^2.

The requested sum is 168+27=195.168 + 27 = 195.

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