2003 AIME I 第 6 题

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6.

一个 111111 立方体的八个顶点中,任取三个作为三角形的顶点。所有这类三角形的面积之和为 m+n+pm + \sqrt{n} + \sqrt{p},其中 mmnnpp 是整数。求 m+n+pm + n + p

The sum of the areas of all triangles whose vertices are also vertices of a 11 by 11 by 11 cube is m+n+p,m + \sqrt{n} + \sqrt{p}, where m,m, n,n, and pp are integers. Find m+n+p.m + n + p.

答案:348
知识点:正方体三角形面积分类讨论
难度评级:2370
解答:

这类三角形的每条边都是立方体棱、长度为 2\sqrt{2} 的面对角线,或长度为 3\sqrt{3} 的体对角线。只会出现三种形状。由两条相邻棱和一条面对角线组成的三角形是直角三角形,面积为 12\frac{1}{2};每个面有 44 个,共 2424 个。由三条面对角线组成的三角形是等边三角形,面积为 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2};立方体的 88 个顶点中,每个顶点相邻的三个顶点都确定一个这样的三角形,所以有 88 个。由一条棱、一条面对角线和一条体对角线组成的三角形是直角三角形,直角边为 112\sqrt{2},面积为 22\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}44 条体对角线中的每一条,都可与不在该对角线上的 66 个顶点各形成一个,所以有 2424 个。(确实 24+8+24=(83)=5624 + 8 + 24 = \binom{8}{3} = 56。)

总面积为 因此 m+n+pm + n + p =12+48+288= 12 + 48 + 288 =348= 3482412+832+2422=12+43+122=12+48+288, \begin{aligned} &24 \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 8 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} + 24 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \\ &= 12 + 4\sqrt{3} + 12\sqrt{2} \\ &= 12 + \sqrt{48} + \sqrt{288}, \end{aligned}

Every side of such a triangle is a cube edge, a face diagonal of length 2,\sqrt{2}, or a space diagonal of length 3.\sqrt{3}. Only three shapes occur. A triangle of two adjacent edges and a face diagonal is right with area 12;\frac{1}{2}; there are 44 per face, or 24.24. A triangle of three face diagonals is equilateral with area 32;\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}; each is determined by the three vertices adjacent to one of the 88 cube vertices, so there are 8.8. A triangle of an edge, a face diagonal, and a space diagonal is right with legs 11 and 2,\sqrt{2}, so its area is 22;\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}; each of the 44 space diagonals forms one with each of the 66 vertices off that diagonal, so there are 24.24. (Indeed 24+8+24=(83)=56.24 + 8 + 24 = \binom{8}{3} = 56.)

The total area is 2412+832+2422=12+43+122=12+48+288, \begin{aligned} &24 \cdot \frac{1}{2} + 8 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} + 24 \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2}}{2} \\ &= 12 + 4\sqrt{3} + 12\sqrt{2} \\ &= 12 + \sqrt{48} + \sqrt{288}, \end{aligned} so m+n+pm + n + p =12+48+288= 12 + 48 + 288 =348.= 348.

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