2025 AMC 10A 第 23 题

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23.

三角形 ABC\triangle ABC 的边长为 AB=80AB = 80BC=45BC = 45AC=75AC = 75B\angle B 的角平分线与到边 ABAB 的高相交于点 PPBPBP 等于多少?

Triangle ABC\triangle ABC has side lengths AB=80,AB = 80, BC=45,BC = 45, and AC=75.AC = 75. The bisector of B\angle B and the altitude to side ABAB intersect at point P.P. What is BP?BP?

1818

1919

2020

2121

2222

答案:D
知识点:角平分线定理相似导角
难度评级:2270
解答:

B\angle B 的角平分线交 ACACD.D. 由角平分线定理,ADDC=ABBC=8045,\frac{AD}{DC} = \frac{AB}{BC} = \frac{80}{45},又因为 AC=75,AC = 75,得到 AD=48AD = 48CD=27.CD = 27. 三角形 BCDBCDACBACB 共有 C,\angle C,夹角两边的比例都为 4575=2745=35,\tfrac{45}{75}=\tfrac{27}{45}=\tfrac35,所以由边角边相似。于是 BD=3580=48=AD,BD=\tfrac35\cdot80=48=AD,ADB\triangle ADB 是等腰三角形。设 DAB=DBA=θ.\angle DAB=\angle DBA=\theta. 因为过 CC 的高垂直于 AB,AB,所以 DPC\angle DPCDCP\angle DCP 都等于 90θ.90^\circ-\theta. 因此 CDP\triangle CDP 是等腰三角形,故 PD=CD=27.PD=CD=27. 由于 PP 位于 BD,BD, 上,BP=BDPDBP=BD-PD,即 =4827=21.=48-27=21. 所以正确答案是 D

Let the bisector of B\angle B hit ACAC at D.D. By the Angle Bisector Theorem, ADDC=ABBC=8045,\frac{AD}{DC} = \frac{AB}{BC} = \frac{80}{45}, and since AC=75,AC = 75, we get AD=48AD = 48 and CD=27.CD = 27. Triangles BCDBCD and ACBACB share C,\angle C, with adjacent sides in the common ratio 4575=2745=35,\tfrac{45}{75}=\tfrac{27}{45}=\tfrac35, so they are similar by SAS. Hence BD=3580=48=AD,BD=\tfrac35\cdot80=48=AD, making ADB\triangle ADB isosceles. Put DAB=DBA=θ.\angle DAB=\angle DBA=\theta. Because the altitude through CC is perpendicular to AB,AB, both DPC\angle DPC and DCP\angle DCP equal 90θ.90^\circ-\theta. Thus CDP\triangle CDP is isosceles, so PD=CD=27.PD=CD=27. Since PP lies on BD,BD, we get BP=BDPDBP=BD-PD =4827=21.=48-27=21. Thus, D is the correct answer.

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