2022 AMC 10B 第 10 题

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10.

Camila 写下五个正整数。这些整数的唯一众数比中位数大 22,且中位数比算术平均数大 22。众数的最小可能值是多少?

Camila writes down five positive integers. The unique mode of these integers is 22 greater than their median, and the median is 22 greater than their arithmetic mean. What is the least possible value for the mode?

 5\ 5

 7\ 7

 9\ 9

 11\ 11

 13\ 13

答案:D
知识点:平均数中位数(数据)众数最优化
难度评级:1660
解答:

设五个数按从小到大为 a,b,c,d,ea,b,c,d,e。中位数为 cc,众数为 c+2c+2

因为众数大于中位数且唯一,最后两个数必须都是 c+2c+2,所以数列为 a,b,c,c+2,c+2a,b,c,c+2,c+2

平均数为 c2c-2,于是 化简得 a+b+3c+4=5c10a+b+3c+4=5c-10,所以 a+b=2c14a+b=2c-14a+b+c+(c+2)+(c+2)5=c2. \begin{aligned} &\frac{a+b+c+(c+2)+(c+2)}{5} \\ &\quad = c-2. \end{aligned}

为了让众数唯一,aabb 必须是不同的正整数,且都小于 cc。由于 a+b=2c14a+b=2c-14 为偶数,最小可行和为 1+3=41+3=4,所以 2c1442c-14\ge4,即 c9c\ge9

因此最小可能众数为 c+2=11c+2=11,并且 1,3,9,11,111,3,9,11,11 确实可行。

所以正确答案是 D

Let the integers in increasing order be a,b,c,d,e.a,b,c,d,e. The median is c,c, and the unique mode is c+2.c+2.

Because the mode is larger than the median and is unique, the last two entries must both be c+2,c+2, so the list is a,b,c,c+2,c+2.a,b,c,c+2,c+2.

The mean is c2,c-2, so a+b+c+(c+2)+(c+2)5=c2. \begin{aligned} &\frac{a+b+c+(c+2)+(c+2)}{5} \\ &\quad = c-2. \end{aligned} Hence a+b+3c+4=5c10,a+b+3c+4=5c-10, so a+b=2c14.a+b=2c-14.

To keep the mode unique, aa and bb must be distinct positive integers, both less than c.c. Since a+b=2c14a+b=2c-14 is even, the smallest such sum is 1+3=4,1+3=4, so 2c144,2c-14\ge4, giving c9.c\ge9.

The smallest possible mode is therefore c+2=11,c+2=11, and it is attainable with 1,3,9,11,11.1,3,9,11,11.

Thus, the answer is D .

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