2021 AMC 10A Fall 第 23 题

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23.

对每个正整数 nn,令 f1(n)f_1(n)nn 的正因数个数的两倍;对于 j2j \ge 2,令 fj(n)=f1(fj1(n))f_j(n) = f_1(f_{j-1}(n))。有多少个 n50n \le 50 满足 f50(n)=12f_{50}(n) = 12

For each positive integer n,n, let f1(n)f_1(n) be twice the number of positive integer divisors of n,n, and for j2,j \ge 2, let fj(n)=f1(fj1(n)).f_j(n) = f_1(f_{j-1}(n)). For how many values of n50n \le 50 is f50(n)=12?f_{50}(n) = 12?

77

88

99

1010

1111

答案:D
知识点:因数个数递推逆推法
难度评级:2130
解答:

数值 1212 是固定点,因为 121266 个正因数,所以 f1(12)=12f_1(12)=12

先找所有满足 n50n\le50f1(n)=12f_1(n)=12nn,也就是有 66 个因数的数: 12,18,20,28,32,44,45,50.12,18,20,28,32,44,45,50.

再检查 f1(n)f_1(n) 在到达 1212 之前能否取到上述其他值。由于 f1(n)f_1(n) 是因数个数的两倍,列表中只有 18182020 有用,分别表示 nn991010 个因数。

n50n\le50,额外的可能为 3636(有 99 个因数)和 4848(有 1010 个因数)。因此共有 8+2=108+2=10nn

所以正确答案是 D

The value 1212 is fixed by the function, since 1212 has 66 positive divisors and therefore f1(12)=12.f_1(12)=12.

First find all n50n\le50 with f1(n)=12,f_1(n)=12, meaning nn has 66 divisors. These are 12,18,20,28,32,44,45,50.12,18,20,28,32,44,45,50.

Now check whether f1(n)f_1(n) can be one of these values before reaching 12.12. Since f1(n)f_1(n) is twice a divisor count, the only useful possibilities in that list are 1818 and 20,20, meaning nn has 99 or 1010 divisors.

For n50,n\le50, the additional possibilities are 36,36, which has 99 divisors, and 48,48, which has 1010 divisors. Therefore there are 8+2=108+2=10 values of n.n.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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