2021 AMC 10A Spring 第 20 题

先试着解答 2021 AMC 10A Spring 第 20 题,然后核对你的答案与视频与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2021 AMC 10A Spring 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

20.

将数列 1122334455 重新排列,有多少种排列使得不存在连续三项递增,也不存在连续三项递减?

In how many ways can the sequence 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, 4,4, 55 be rearranged so that no three consecutive terms are increasing and no three consecutive terms are decreasing?

1010

1818

2424

3232

4444

答案:D
知识点:有限制的排列双射
难度评级:1950
小提示:

有效排列中,相邻项之间的大小比较符号必须交替。

A valid permutation must have comparison signs that alternate

大提示:

先数“升降升降”型排列,再用对称性得到相反型。

Count the up-down-up-down permutations and use symmetry for the reverse pattern

视频讲解:
解答视频缩略图
Play video

Click to load, then click again to play

文字解答:

一个排列有效,当且仅当相邻两项之间的四个比较符号交替出现。因此这些符号只能是升降升降或降升降升。

对升降升降型,最大的数 55 必须位于第 22 位或第 44 位。若它在第 22 位,设第 44 位上的数为 rr。它的两个相邻数必须是小于 rr 的两个不同的数,共有 (r1)(r2)(r-1)(r-2) 种排法。对 r=1,2,3,4r=1,2,3,4 求和,得到 0+0+2+6=80+0+2+6=8 个排列。由对称性,当 55 在第 44 位时另有 88 个,所以这种比较模式共有 1616 个排列。

把每个数 xx 替换为 6x6-x,可与降升降升型一一对应,所以另有 1616 个。

总共有 16+16=3216+16=32 个有效排列。

所以正确答案是 D

A permutation is valid exactly when the four comparison signs between consecutive terms alternate. Thus the signs must be either up-down-up-down or down-up-down-up.

For the up-down-up-down pattern, the largest entry 55 must be in position 22 or position 4.4. If it is in position 2,2, let the entry in position 44 be r.r. Its two neighbors must be distinct numbers less than r,r, which can be ordered in (r1)(r2)(r-1)(r-2) ways. Summing over r=1,2,3,4r=1,2,3,4 gives 0+0+2+6=80+0+2+6=8 permutations. By symmetry there are another 88 when 55 is in position 4,4, for a total of 1616 with this comparison pattern.

Replacing every entry xx by 6x6-x gives a bijection to the down-up-down-up permutations, so there are another 16.16.

The total number of valid rearrangements is 16+16=32.16+16=32.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

第 19 题#19
完整试卷

其他年份的第 20 题