2019 AMC 10A 第 23 题

先试着解答 2019 AMC 10A 第 23 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2019 AMC 10A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

23.

Travis 要照看难缠的 Thompson 三胞胎。知道他们喜欢大数,Travis 为他们设计了一个数数游戏。先由 Tadd 说数字 11,然后 Todd 必须说接下来的两个数(22 和 33),接着 Tucker 必须说接下来的三个数(44、55、66),再由 Tadd 说接下来的四个数(77、88、99、1010)。此后仍按三个孩子的顺序轮流,每个孩子说的数都比前一个孩子多一个,直到数到 10,00010{,}000。Tadd 说出的第 20192019 个数是多少?
Travis has to babysit the terrible Thompson triplets. Knowing that they love big numbers, Travis devises a counting game for them. First Tadd will say the number 1,1, then Todd must say the next two numbers (22 and 33), then Tucker must say the next three numbers (4,4, 5,5, 66), then Tadd must say the next four numbers (7,7, 8,8, 9,9, 1010), and the process continues to rotate through the three children in order, each saying one more number than the previous child did, until the number 10,00010{,}000 is reached. What is the 20192019th number said by Tadd?
57435743
58855885
59795979
60016001
60116011
答案:C
知识点:等差数列三角形数求和
小提示:
Tadd 每次轮到他说的长度形成等差数列 1,4,7,…1,4,7,\ldots。
Tadd’s turn lengths form the arithmetic sequence 1,4,7,…1,4,7,\ldots
大提示:
找出 Tadd 的第 20192019 个数落在哪一次轮到他的发言中。
Find which Tadd turn contains his 20192019th number
解答:
Tadd 每次发言的长度依次为 1,4,7,…1,4,7,\ldots。在 Tadd 发言 nn 次后,他共说了 ∑i=1n(3i−2)=3n2−n2\sum_{i=1}^n (3i-2)=\frac{3n^2-n}{2} 个数。
当 n=36n=36 时,这个总数为 19261926;当 n=37n=37 时则为 20352035。因此,Tadd 说出的第 20192019 个数,是他第 3737 次发言中的第 (2019−1926)=93(2019-1926)=93 个数。
在这次发言之前,三个孩子已经完成了长度从 11 到 108108 的各轮发言,共说了 1+2+⋯+108=58861+2+\cdots+108=5886 个数。下一轮的第 9393 个数是 5886+93=59795886+93=5979。所以正确答案是 C。
Tadd speaks on turns of lengths 1,4,7,…1,4,7,\ldots. After nn of Tadd’s turns, he has said ∑i=1n(3i−2)=3n2−n2\sum_{i=1}^n (3i-2)=\frac{3n^2-n}{2} numbers.
For n=36n=36, this total is 19261926, while for n=37n=37 it is 20352035. Therefore Tadd’s 20192019th number is the (2019−1926)=93(2019-1926)=93rd number of his 3737th turn.
Before that turn, the children have completed turns of lengths 11 through 108108, saying 1+2+⋯+108=58861+2+\cdots+108=5886 numbers. The 9393rd number of the next turn is 5886+93=59795886+93=5979. Thus, C is the correct answer.
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