2018 AMC 10A 第 16 题

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16.

直角三角形 ABCABC 的两条直角边长分别为 AB=20AB=20BC=21BC=21。从顶点 BB 向斜边 AC\overline{AC} 上一点作线段,把 AB\overline{AB}BC\overline{BC} 也计算在内,共有多少条这样的线段长度是整数?

Right triangle ABCABC has leg lengths AB=20AB=20 and BC=21.BC=21. Including AB\overline{AB} and BC,\overline{BC}, how many line segments with integer length can be drawn from vertex BB to a point on hypotenuse AC?\overline{AC}?

55

88

1212

1313

1515

答案:D
知识点:直角三角形高线区间内整数计数
难度评级:1540
小提示:

求从 BB 到斜边的高。

Find the altitude from BB to the hypotenuse

大提示:

高两侧会对称地出现整数长度的线段。

Integer-length segments occur in symmetric pairs around the altitude

解答:

PP 是从 BBAC\overline{AC} 所作高的垂足。由勾股定理得 AC=29AC=29。用两种方式计算面积,得到 29PB2=20212\dfrac{29\cdot PB}{2}=\dfrac{20\cdot21}{2}\text{,} 所以 PB=42029PB=\dfrac{420}{29},它介于 14141515 之间。

当端点从 AA 移到 PP 时,它到 BB 的距离从 2020 连续减小到 PBPB。因此长度分别为 15,16,17,18,19,2015,16,17,18,19,20 的线段各有一条。当端点从 PP 移到 CC 时,这个距离从 PBPB 连续增大到 2121,所以长度分别为 15,16,17,18,19,20,2115,16,17,18,19,20,21 的线段各有一条。这样共有 6+7=136+7=13 条不同的线段。

所以正确答案是 D

Let PP be the foot of the altitude from BB to AC.\overline{AC}. The Pythagorean Theorem gives AC=29.AC=29. Computing the area in two ways gives 29PB2=20212,\dfrac{29\cdot PB}{2}=\dfrac{20\cdot21}{2}, so PB=42029,PB=\dfrac{420}{29}, which lies between 1414 and 15.15.

As the endpoint moves from AA to P,P, its distance from BB decreases continuously from 2020 to PB.PB. Thus there is one segment of each integer length 15,16,17,18,19,20.15,16,17,18,19,20. As the endpoint moves from PP to C,C, the distance increases continuously from PBPB to 21,21, giving one segment of each integer length 15,16,17,18,19,20,21.15,16,17,18,19,20,21. These are 6+7=136+7=13 distinct segments.

Thus, D is the correct answer.

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