2008 AMC 10A 第 16 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

16.

AABB 在圆心为 OO 的圆上,且 AOB=60\angle AOB = 60^\circ。第二个圆内切于第一个圆,并且同时与 OAOAOBOB 相切。小圆面积与大圆面积之比是多少?

Points AA and BB lie on a circle centered at O,O, and AOB=60.\angle AOB = 60^\circ. A second circle is internally tangent to the first and tangent to both OAOA and OB.OB. What is the ratio of the area of the smaller circle to that of the larger circle?

116\dfrac{1}{16}

19\dfrac{1}{9}

18\dfrac{1}{8}

16\dfrac{1}{6}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

答案:B
知识点:相切圆特殊直角三角形面积比
难度评级:1580
小提示:

小圆圆心在 AOB\angle AOB 的角平分线上。

The small circle’s center lies on the bisector of AOB\angle AOB

大提示:

3030-6060-9090 三角形,小圆圆心到 OO 的距离为 2r2r,这个到 OO 的距离也等于 RrR - r

The center is 2r2r from OO by a 3030-6060-9090 triangle, and also RrR - r from OO

解答:

设小圆和大圆半径分别为 rrRR。小圆圆心 EEAOB\angle AOB 的角平分线上,所以 OEOEOAOA 的夹角为 3030^\circ

EEOAOA 的垂线长为 rr,在所得 3030-6060-9090 三角形中,OE=2rOE = 2r

又因为 OE=RrOE = R - r,所以 2r=Rr2r = R - r,得到 R=3rR = 3r,面积比为 (13)2=19\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2 = \dfrac{1}{9}

所以正确答案是 B

Let the radii be rr and R.R. The small circle’s center EE lies on the bisector of AOB,\angle AOB, so OEOE makes a 3030^\circ angle with OA.OA.

The perpendicular from EE to OAOA has length r,r, and in the resulting 3030-6060-9090 triangle OE=2r.OE = 2r.

Since OE=Rr,OE = R - r, we get 2r=Rr,2r = R - r, so R=3rR = 3r and the area ratio is (13)2=19.\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2 = \dfrac{1}{9}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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