2008 AMC 10A 真题

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1.

一位面包店老板在上午 8:308{:}30 打开甜甜圈机器。到上午 11:1011{:}10,机器已完成当天工作的三分之一。甜甜圈机器将在什么时候完成这项工作?

A bakery owner turns on his doughnut machine at 8:308{:}30 am. At 11:1011{:}10 am the machine has completed one third of the day’s job. At what time will the doughnut machine complete the job?

下午 1:501{:}50

1:501{:}50 pm

下午 3:003{:}00

3:003{:}00 pm

下午 3:303{:}30

3:303{:}30 pm

下午 4:304{:}30

4:304{:}30 pm

下午 5:505{:}50

5:505{:}50 pm

答案:D
知识点:日期与时间比与比例
难度评级:770
小提示:

先求完成三分之一工作需要多少分钟。

Find how long one third of the job takes, in minutes

大提示:

全部工作需要三倍时间,从上午 8:308{:}30 开始计算。

The whole job takes three times as long, measured from the 8:308{:}30 am start

解答:

从上午 8:308{:}30 到上午 11:1011{:}1022 小时 4040 分钟,即 160160 分钟,这完成了三分之一的工作。

因此整项工作需要 3160=4803 \cdot 160 = 480 分钟,也就是 88 小时。

上午 8:308{:}30 之后八小时是下午 4:304{:}30

所以正确答案是 D

From 8:308{:}30 am to 11:1011{:}10 am is 22 hours and 4040 minutes, or 160160 minutes, to finish one third of the job.

The entire job therefore takes 3160=4803 \cdot 160 = 480 minutes, or 88 hours.

Eight hours after 8:308{:}30 am is 4:304{:}30 pm.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

2.

一个正方形画在一个矩形内。矩形宽与正方形边长之比为 2:12:1。矩形长与宽之比为 2:12:1。正方形的面积占矩形面积的百分之多少?

A square is drawn inside a rectangle. The ratio of the width of the rectangle to a side of the square is 2:1.2:1. The ratio of the rectangle’s length to its width is 2:1.2:1. What percent of the rectangle’s area is inside the square?

12.512.5

2525

5050

7575

87.587.5

答案:A
知识点:面积比百分数
难度评级:840
小提示:

设正方形边长为 ss,用 ss 表示矩形的尺寸。

Let the square have side ss and express the rectangle’s dimensions in terms of ss

大提示:

矩形宽为 2s2s,长为 4s4s;将它的面积与 s2s^2 比较。

The rectangle is 2s2s wide and 4s4s long; compare its area to s2s^2

解答:

设正方形边长为 ss,则正方形面积为 s2s^2

矩形宽为 2s2s,长为 22s=4s2 \cdot 2s = 4s,面积为 8s28s^2

正方形占矩形面积的比例为 s28s2=18=12.5%\dfrac{s^2}{8s^2} = \dfrac{1}{8} = 12.5\%

所以正确答案是 A

Let the side of the square be s,s, so its area is s2.s^2.

The width of the rectangle is 2s,2s, and its length is 22s=4s,2 \cdot 2s = 4s, giving an area of 8s2.8s^2.

The fraction inside the square is s28s2=18=12.5%.\dfrac{s^2}{8s^2} = \dfrac{1}{8} = 12.5\%.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

3.

对正整数 nn,令 n\langle n \rangle 表示 nn 的所有正因数之和,但不包括 nn 本身。例如,4=1+2=3\langle 4 \rangle = 1 + 2 = 3,且 12=1+2+3+4+6=16\langle 12 \rangle = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 16。求 6\langle\langle\langle 6 \rangle\rangle\rangle 的值。

For the positive integer n,n, let n\langle n \rangle denote the sum of all the positive divisors of nn with the exception of nn itself. For example, 4=1+2=3\langle 4 \rangle = 1 + 2 = 3 and 12=1+2+3+4+6=16.\langle 12 \rangle = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 = 16. What is 6?\langle\langle\langle 6 \rangle\rangle\rangle?

66

1212

2424

3232

3636

答案:A
知识点:因数之和函数
难度评级:940
小提示:

6\langle 6 \rangle66 的所有正因数之和,但不包括 66 本身。

6\langle 6 \rangle is the sum of the divisors of 66 other than 66

大提示:

先计算 6\langle 6 \rangle;结果会再次代入同一个运算。

Compute 6\langle 6 \rangle first; the result feeds back into the same operation

解答:

66 的正因数中,不包括 66 本身的有 1,21, 233,所以 6=1+2+3=6\langle 6 \rangle = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6

再次对 66 应用这个运算仍得到 66,因此 6=6\langle\langle\langle 6 \rangle\rangle\rangle = 6

一个数若等于其真因数之和,称为完全数,而 66 是最小的完全数。

所以正确答案是 A

The positive divisors of 66 other than 66 are 1,2,1, 2, and 3,3, so 6=1+2+3=6.\langle 6 \rangle = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.

Since applying the operation to 66 again returns 6,6, we get 6=6.\langle\langle\langle 6 \rangle\rangle\rangle = 6.

(A number equal to the sum of its proper divisors is called a perfect number, and 66 is the smallest.)

Thus, the correct answer is A.

4.

假设 1010 根香蕉中的 23\dfrac{2}{3}88 个橙子价值相同。那么 55 根香蕉中的 12\dfrac{1}{2} 与多少个橙子价值相同?

Suppose that 23\dfrac{2}{3} of 1010 bananas are worth as much as 88 oranges. How many oranges are worth as much as 12\dfrac{1}{2} of 55 bananas?

22

52\dfrac{5}{2}

33

72\dfrac{7}{2}

44

答案:C
知识点:比与比例速率
难度评级:1040
小提示:

求一根香蕉相当于多少个橙子。

Find the worth of a single banana in oranges

大提示:

1010 根香蕉的 23\dfrac{2}{3}203\dfrac{20}{3} 根香蕉,它们相当于 88 个橙子。

23\dfrac{2}{3} of 1010 is 203\dfrac{20}{3} bananas, and these equal 88 oranges

解答:

因为 1010 根香蕉的 23\dfrac{2}{3}203\dfrac{20}{3} 根香蕉,价值等于 88 个橙子,所以一根香蕉相当于 8÷203=658 \div \dfrac{20}{3} = \dfrac{6}{5} 个橙子。

55 根香蕉的 12\dfrac{1}{2}52\dfrac{5}{2} 根香蕉,价值为 5265=3\dfrac{5}{2} \cdot \dfrac{6}{5} = 3 个橙子。

所以正确答案是 C

Since 23\dfrac{2}{3} of 1010 bananas is 203\dfrac{20}{3} bananas worth 88 oranges, one banana is worth 8÷203=658 \div \dfrac{20}{3} = \dfrac{6}{5} oranges.

Now 12\dfrac{1}{2} of 55 bananas is 52\dfrac{5}{2} bananas, worth 5265=3\dfrac{5}{2} \cdot \dfrac{6}{5} = 3 oranges.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

5.

下列哪一项等于乘积

8412816124n+44n20082004 \begin{aligned} &\dfrac{8}{4} \cdot \dfrac{12}{8} \cdot \dfrac{16}{12} \cdots \dfrac{4n+4}{4n} \\ &\quad \cdots \dfrac{2008}{2004} \end{aligned}\text{?}

Which of the following is equal to the product

8412816124n+44n20082004? \begin{aligned} &\dfrac{8}{4} \cdot \dfrac{12}{8} \cdot \dfrac{16}{12} \cdots \dfrac{4n+4}{4n} \\ &\quad \cdots \dfrac{2008}{2004}? \end{aligned}

251251

502502

10041004

20082008

40164016

答案:B
知识点:裂项相消分数
难度评级:1050
小提示:

写出前几个因子,寻找约分规律。

Write out the first few factors and look for cancellation

大提示:

每个分子都会与下一个分母约掉,最后剩下 20084\dfrac{2008}{4}

Each numerator cancels the next denominator, leaving 20084\dfrac{2008}{4}

解答:

除第一个分母外,每个分母都与前一个分数的分子约掉,因此整个乘积逐项约消为 20084=502\dfrac{2008}{4} = 502

所以正确答案是 B

Every denominator except the first cancels with the numerator of the previous fraction, so the whole product telescopes to 20084=502.\dfrac{2008}{4} = 502.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

6.

一名铁人三项运动员参加一场比赛,其中游泳、骑车和跑步三段距离相同。他游泳速度为每小时 33 千米,骑车速度为每小时 2020 千米,跑步速度为每小时 1010 千米。以下哪一项最接近他整场比赛的平均速度(单位为千米每小时)?

A triathlete competes in a triathlon in which the swimming, biking, and running segments are all of the same length. The triathlete swims at a rate of 33 kilometers per hour, bikes at a rate of 2020 kilometers per hour, and runs at a rate of 1010 kilometers per hour. Which of the following is closest to the triathlete’s average speed, in kilometers per hour, for the entire race?

33

44

55

66

77

答案:D
难度评级:1100
小提示:

设每段长为 xx,把三段所用时间相加。

Let each segment have length xx and add the three travel times

大提示:

平均速度是总距离 3x3x 除以总时间。

Average speed is the total distance 3x3x divided by the total time

解答:

设每段长为 xx。总距离为 3x3x,总时间为 x3+x20+x10=2960x \dfrac{x}{3} + \dfrac{x}{20} + \dfrac{x}{10} = \dfrac{29}{60}x 小时。

平均速度为 3x2960x=180296.2\dfrac{3x}{\frac{29}{60}x} = \dfrac{180}{29} \approx 6.2,最接近 66

所以正确答案是 D

Let each segment have length x.x. The total time is x3+x20+x10=2960x \dfrac{x}{3} + \dfrac{x}{20} + \dfrac{x}{10} = \dfrac{29}{60}x hours for the distance 3x.3x.

The average speed is 3x2960x=180296.2,\dfrac{3x}{\frac{29}{60}x} = \dfrac{180}{29} \approx 6.2, which is closest to 6.6.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

7.

分式

(32008)2(32006)2(32007)2(32005)2 \dfrac{\left(3^{2008}\right)^2 - \left(3^{2006}\right)^2}{\left(3^{2007}\right)^2 - \left(3^{2005}\right)^2}

化简后等于下列哪一项?

The fraction

(32008)2(32006)2(32007)2(32005)2 \dfrac{\left(3^{2008}\right)^2 - \left(3^{2006}\right)^2}{\left(3^{2007}\right)^2 - \left(3^{2005}\right)^2}

simplifies to which of the following?

11

94\dfrac{9}{4}

33

92\dfrac{9}{2}

99

答案:E
知识点:指数因式分解
难度评级:1210
小提示:

(32008)2=92008\left(3^{2008}\right)^2 = 9^{2008}

(32008)2=92008\left(3^{2008}\right)^2 = 9^{2008}

大提示:

从分子和分母中都提出 920059^{2005}

Factor 920059^{2005} out of both the numerator and the denominator

解答:

因为 (3k)2=9k\left(3^{k}\right)^2 = 9^{k},分式为 92008920069200792005\dfrac{9^{2008} - 9^{2006}}{9^{2007} - 9^{2005}}

从上下都提出 920059^{2005},得到 92005(939)92005(921)=9(921)921=9 \dfrac{9^{2005}\left(9^3 - 9\right)}{9^{2005}\left(9^2 - 1\right)} = \dfrac{9\left(9^2 - 1\right)}{9^2 - 1} = 9\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

Since (3k)2=9k,\left(3^{k}\right)^2 = 9^{k}, the fraction is 92008920069200792005.\dfrac{9^{2008} - 9^{2006}}{9^{2007} - 9^{2005}}.

Factoring 920059^{2005} from each part gives 92005(939)92005(921)=9(921)921=9. \dfrac{9^{2005}\left(9^3 - 9\right)}{9^{2005}\left(9^2 - 1\right)} = \dfrac{9\left(9^2 - 1\right)}{9^2 - 1} = 9.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

8.

Heather 比较两家商店中一台新电脑的价格。A 店在标价基础上打 15%15\% 折后再返还 $90\$90,B 店在相同标价基础上打 25%25\% 折但没有返还。Heather 在 A 店购买比在 B 店购买节省 $15\$15。这台电脑的标价是多少美元?

Heather compares the price of a new computer at two different stores. Store A offers 15%15\% off the sticker price followed by a $90\$90 rebate, and store B offers 25%25\% off the same sticker price with no rebate. Heather saves $15\$15 by buying the computer at store A instead of store B. What is the sticker price of the computer, in dollars?

750750

900900

10001000

10501050

15001500

答案:A
难度评级:1190
小提示:

设标价为 xx,写出两家商店的最终价格。

Let xx be the sticker price and write each store’s final price

大提示:

A 店价格为 0.85x900.85x - 90,B 店价格为 0.75x0.75x,且 A 店便宜 $15\$15

Store A costs 0.85x900.85x - 90 and store B costs 0.75x,0.75x, with A cheaper by $15\$15

解答:

设标价为 xx。Heather 在 A 店支付 0.85x900.85x - 90,在 B 店支付 0.75x0.75x

因为 A 店便宜 $15\$150.85x90=0.75x15 0.85x - 90 = 0.75x - 15\text{,}解得 0.1x=750.1x = 75,所以 x=750x = 750

所以正确答案是 A

Let xx be the sticker price. Heather pays 0.85x900.85x - 90 at store A and 0.75x0.75x at store B.

Since store A is $15\$15 cheaper, 0.85x90=0.75x15, 0.85x - 90 = 0.75x - 15, which gives 0.1x=75,0.1x = 75, so x=750.x = 750.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

9.

假设

2x3x6 \dfrac{2x}{3} - \dfrac{x}{6}

是整数。下列关于 xx 的哪一项一定为真?

Suppose that

2x3x6 \dfrac{2x}{3} - \dfrac{x}{6}

is an integer. Which of the following statements must be true about x?x?

它是负数。

It is negative.

它是偶数,但不一定是 33 的倍数。

It is even, but not necessarily a multiple of 3.3.

它是 33 的倍数,但不一定是偶数。

It is a multiple of 3,3, but not necessarily even.

它是 66 的倍数,但不一定是 1212 的倍数。

It is a multiple of 6,6, but not necessarily a multiple of 12.12.

它是 1212 的倍数。

It is a multiple of 12.12.

答案:B
难度评级:1170
小提示:

2x3x6\dfrac{2x}{3} - \dfrac{x}{6} 通分。

Combine 2x3x6\dfrac{2x}{3} - \dfrac{x}{6} over a common denominator

大提示:

表达式化简为 x2\dfrac{x}{2};判断它为整数时对 xx 有什么要求。

The expression simplifies to x2;\dfrac{x}{2}; decide what that being an integer forces about xx

解答:

通分得 2x3x6=4xx6=x2\dfrac{2x}{3} - \dfrac{x}{6} = \dfrac{4x - x}{6} = \dfrac{x}{2}

要使 x2\dfrac{x}{2} 为整数,xx 必须是偶数。

例如 x=4x = 4,这说明 xx 不必是 33 的倍数,也排除了其他陈述。

所以正确答案是 B

Combining over a common denominator, 2x3x6=4xx6=x2.\dfrac{2x}{3} - \dfrac{x}{6} = \dfrac{4x - x}{6} = \dfrac{x}{2}.

For x2\dfrac{x}{2} to be an integer, xx must be even.

The example x=4x = 4 shows that xx need not be a multiple of 33 and rules out the other statements.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

10.

面积为 1616 的正方形 S1S_1 的每条边都被平分,并用这些中点作顶点构造一个较小正方形 S2S_2。对 S2S_2 重复同样过程,构造更小的正方形 S3S_3S3S_3 的面积是多少?

Each of the sides of a square S1S_1 with area 1616 is bisected, and a smaller square S2S_2 is constructed using the bisection points as vertices. The same process is carried out on S2S_2 to construct an even smaller square S3.S_3. What is the area of S3?S_3?

12\dfrac{1}{2}

11

22

33

44

答案:E
难度评级:1240
小提示:

S1S_1 的边长为 44;用中点求出 S2S_2 的边长。

The side of S1S_1 is 4;4; use the midpoints to find the side of S2S_2

大提示:

连接正方形各边中点得到的新正方形面积是原来的一半。

Connecting midpoints of a square gives a new square with half the area

解答:

S1S_1 的边长为 44。由勾股定理,S2S_2 的边长为 22+22=22\sqrt{2^2 + 2^2} = 2\sqrt{2},所以面积为 88

同理,S3S_3 的面积是 S2S_2 的一半,即 44

所以正确答案是 E

The side of S1S_1 is 4.4. By the Pythagorean theorem, the side of S2S_2 is 22+22=22,\sqrt{2^2 + 2^2} = 2\sqrt{2}, so its area is 8.8.

By the same reasoning, S3S_3 has half the area of S2,S_2, namely 4.4.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

11.

Steve 和 LeRoy 在离岸 11 英里处钓鱼时,船开始漏水,水以每分钟 1010 加仑的恒定速度进入。若进水超过 3030 加仑,船就会沉。Steve 开始以每小时 44 英里的恒定速度向岸边划船,同时 LeRoy 往外舀水。若他们要在不沉船的情况下到达岸边,LeRoy 最慢要以每分钟多少加仑的速度舀水?

While Steve and LeRoy are fishing 11 mile from shore, their boat springs a leak, and water comes in at a constant rate of 1010 gallons per minute. The boat will sink if it takes in more than 3030 gallons of water. Steve starts rowing toward the shore at a constant rate of 44 miles per hour while LeRoy bails water out of the boat. What is the slowest rate, in gallons per minute, at which LeRoy can bail if they are to reach the shore without sinking?

22

44

66

88

1010

答案:D
知识点:速率单位换算
难度评级:1280
小提示:

求 Steve 划一英里需要多少分钟。

Find how many minutes Steve needs to row one mile

大提示:

这段时间内会进入 150150 加仑水,但船最多只能承受 3030 加仑。

In that time 150150 gallons enter, but the boat can hold only 3030

解答:

以每小时 44 英里的速度,Steve 划 11 英里需要 1515 分钟。这段时间会有 1510=15015 \cdot 10 = 150 加仑水进入。

为了不超过 3030 加仑,LeRoy 必须在 1515 分钟内舀出 15030=120150 - 30 = 120 加仑,即每分钟 12015=8\dfrac{120}{15} = 8 加仑。

所以正确答案是 D

At 44 miles per hour, Steve rows 11 mile in 1515 minutes. During that time 1510=15015 \cdot 10 = 150 gallons enter.

To stay under 3030 gallons, LeRoy must bail 15030=120150 - 30 = 120 gallons in 1515 minutes, or 12015=8\dfrac{120}{15} = 8 gallons per minute.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

12.

在一堆红、蓝、绿三色弹珠中,红弹珠比蓝弹珠多 25%25\%,绿弹珠比红弹珠多 60%60\%。设红弹珠有 rr 个。这堆弹珠总数是多少?

In a collection of red, blue, and green marbles, there are 25%25\% more red marbles than blue marbles, and there are 60%60\% more green marbles than red marbles. Suppose that there are rr red marbles. What is the total number of marbles in the collection?

2.85r2.85r

3r3r

3.4r3.4r

3.85r3.85r

4.25r4.25r

答案:C
难度评级:1260
小提示:

rr 表示蓝弹珠和绿弹珠数量。

Write the blue and green counts in terms of rr

大提示:

r=1.25br = 1.25bb=0.8rb = 0.8r,且 g=1.6rg = 1.6r

From r=1.25br = 1.25b we get b=0.8r,b = 0.8r, and g=1.6rg = 1.6r

解答:

因为 r=1.25br = 1.25b,蓝弹珠数为 b=r1.25=0.8rb = \dfrac{r}{1.25} = 0.8r

绿弹珠数为 g=1.6rg = 1.6r

总数为 r+0.8r+1.6r=3.4rr + 0.8r + 1.6r = 3.4r

所以正确答案是 C

Since r=1.25b,r = 1.25b, the number of blue marbles is b=r1.25=0.8r.b = \dfrac{r}{1.25} = 0.8r.

The number of green marbles is g=1.6r.g = 1.6r.

The total is r+0.8r+1.6r=3.4r.r + 0.8r + 1.6r = 3.4r.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

13.

Doug 粉刷一个房间需要 55 小时。Dave 粉刷同一个房间需要 77 小时。Doug 和 Dave 一起粉刷这个房间,并午餐休息一小时。设 tt 为他们一起完成工作所需的总时间(小时),包括午餐。tt 满足下列哪个方程?

Doug can paint a room in 55 hours. Dave can paint the same room in 77 hours. Doug and Dave paint the room together and take a one-hour break for lunch. Let tt be the total time, in hours, required for them to complete the job working together, including lunch. Which of the following equations is satisfied by t?t?

(15+17)(t+1)=1\left(\dfrac{1}{5} + \dfrac{1}{7}\right)(t + 1) = 1

(15+17)t+1=1\left(\dfrac{1}{5} + \dfrac{1}{7}\right)t + 1 = 1

(15+17)t=1\left(\dfrac{1}{5} + \dfrac{1}{7}\right)t = 1

(15+17)(t1)=1\left(\dfrac{1}{5} + \dfrac{1}{7}\right)(t - 1) = 1

(5+7)t=1(5 + 7)t = 1

答案:D
知识点:速率一次方程
难度评级:1280
小提示:

他们一起每工作一小时粉刷 15+17\dfrac{1}{5} + \dfrac{1}{7} 个房间。

Together they paint 15+17\dfrac{1}{5} + \dfrac{1}{7} of the room each working hour

大提示:

因为午餐休息一小时,他们实际工作 t1t - 1 小时。

They actually work for t1t - 1 hours because of the one-hour lunch break

解答:

Doug 和 Dave 一起每小时粉刷 15+17\dfrac{1}{5} + \dfrac{1}{7} 个房间。

由于休息一小时,他们实际只工作 t1t - 1 小时,而这段时间必须完成整个房间:

(15+17)(t1)=1 \left(\dfrac{1}{5} + \dfrac{1}{7}\right)(t - 1) = 1\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

Working together, Doug and Dave paint 15+17\dfrac{1}{5} + \dfrac{1}{7} of the room per hour.

Because they break for one hour, they work for only t1t - 1 hours, and this must complete the whole room:

(15+17)(t1)=1. \left(\dfrac{1}{5} + \dfrac{1}{7}\right)(t - 1) = 1.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

14.

老式电视屏幕的宽高比为 4:34:3。也就是说,宽与高之比为 4:34:3。许多电影的宽高比不是 4:34:3,所以有时会以“宽银幕黑边”方式在电视屏幕上播放,也就是把屏幕顶部和底部等高的条带变暗,如图所示。假设一部电影的宽高比为 2:12:1,并在一台对角线为 2727 英寸的老式电视上播放。每条变暗条带的高度是多少英寸?

Older television screens have an aspect ratio of 4:3.4:3. That is, the ratio of the width to the height is 4:3.4:3. The aspect ratio of many movies is not 4:3,4:3, so they are sometimes shown on a television screen by “letterboxing” — darkening strips of equal height at the top and bottom of the screen, as shown. Suppose a movie has an aspect ratio of 2:12:1 and is shown on an older television screen with a 2727-inch diagonal. What is the height, in inches, of each darkened strip?

22

2.252.25

2.52.5

2.72.7

33

答案:D
难度评级:1410
小提示:

屏幕的高、宽和对角线满足 h:w:27=3:4:5h : w : 27 = 3 : 4 : 5

The screen’s sides satisfy h:w:27=3:4:5h : w : 27 = 3 : 4 : 5

大提示:

点亮区域的宽高比为 2:12:1,所以它的高是屏幕宽的一半。

The lit region has aspect ratio 2:1,2:1, so its height is half the screen width

解答:

因为屏幕为 4:34:3,对角线为 2727 英寸,所以 h:w:27=3:4:5h : w : 27 = 3 : 4 : 5,得到高 h=3527=16.2h = \dfrac{3}{5}\cdot 27 = 16.2,宽 w=4527=21.6w = \dfrac{4}{5}\cdot 27 = 21.6

点亮的 2:12:1 区域使用完整宽度 21.621.6,高度为 21.62=10.8\dfrac{21.6}{2} = 10.8

两条黑边平分剩余高度,所以每条高度为 16.210.82=2.7\dfrac{16.2 - 10.8}{2} = 2.7

所以正确答案是 D

Since the screen is 4:34:3 with a 2727-inch diagonal, h:w:27=3:4:5,h : w : 27 = 3 : 4 : 5, giving height h=3527=16.2h = \dfrac{3}{5}\cdot 27 = 16.2 and width w=4527=21.6.w = \dfrac{4}{5}\cdot 27 = 21.6.

The lit 2:12:1 region has the full width 21.621.6 and height 21.62=10.8.\dfrac{21.6}{2} = 10.8.

The two strips share the remaining height, so each has height 16.210.82=2.7.\dfrac{16.2 - 10.8}{2} = 2.7.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

15.

昨天 Han 比 Ian 多开 11 小时,平均速度比 Ian 快每小时 55 英里。Jan 比 Ian 多开 22 小时,平均速度比 Ian 快每小时 1010 英里。Han 比 Ian 多开了 7070 英里。Jan 比 Ian 多开了多少英里?

Yesterday Han drove 11 hour longer than Ian at an average speed 55 miles per hour faster than Ian. Jan drove 22 hours longer than Ian at an average speed 1010 miles per hour faster than Ian. Han drove 7070 miles more than Ian. How many more miles did Jan drive than Ian?

120120

130130

140140

150150

160160

答案:D
难度评级:1440
小提示:

设 Ian 开了 tt 小时,速度为每小时 rr 英里。

Let Ian drive tt hours at rr miles per hour

大提示:

展开 (r+5)(t+1)rt=70(r + 5)(t + 1) - rt = 70,得到 5t+r=655t + r = 65

Expanding (r+5)(t+1)rt=70(r + 5)(t + 1) - rt = 70 gives 5t+r=655t + r = 65

解答:

设 Ian 开了 tt 小时,速度为每小时 rr 英里,则路程为 rtrt

Han 比 Ian 多开的距离为 (r+5)(t+1)rt(r + 5)(t + 1) - rt =5t+r+5=70= 5t + r + 5 = 70,所以 5t+r=655t + r = 65

Jan 比 Ian 多开的距离为 (r+10)(t+2)rt(r + 10)(t + 2) - rt =10t+2r+20= 10t + 2r + 20 =2(5t+r)+20= 2(5t + r) + 20 =265+20= 2 \cdot 65 + 20 =150= 150

所以正确答案是 D

Let Ian drive tt hours at rate r,r, covering rtrt miles.

Han drove (r+5)(t+1)rt(r + 5)(t + 1) - rt =5t+r+5=70,= 5t + r + 5 = 70, so 5t+r=65.5t + r = 65.

Jan drove (r+10)(t+2)rt(r + 10)(t + 2) - rt =10t+2r+20= 10t + 2r + 20 =2(5t+r)+20= 2(5t + r) + 20 =265+20= 2 \cdot 65 + 20 =150= 150 miles more than Ian.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

16.

AABB 在圆心为 OO 的圆上,且 AOB=60\angle AOB = 60^\circ。第二个圆内切于第一个圆,并且同时与 OAOAOBOB 相切。小圆面积与大圆面积之比是多少?

Points AA and BB lie on a circle centered at O,O, and AOB=60.\angle AOB = 60^\circ. A second circle is internally tangent to the first and tangent to both OAOA and OB.OB. What is the ratio of the area of the smaller circle to that of the larger circle?

116\dfrac{1}{16}

19\dfrac{1}{9}

18\dfrac{1}{8}

16\dfrac{1}{6}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

答案:B
难度评级:1580
小提示:

小圆圆心在 AOB\angle AOB 的角平分线上。

The small circle’s center lies on the bisector of AOB\angle AOB

大提示:

3030-6060-9090 三角形,小圆圆心到 OO 的距离为 2r2r,这个到 OO 的距离也等于 RrR - r

The center is 2r2r from OO by a 3030-6060-9090 triangle, and also RrR - r from OO

解答:

设小圆和大圆半径分别为 rrRR。小圆圆心 EEAOB\angle AOB 的角平分线上,所以 OEOEOAOA 的夹角为 3030^\circ

EEOAOA 的垂线长为 rr,在所得 3030-6060-9090 三角形中,OE=2rOE = 2r

又因为 OE=RrOE = R - r,所以 2r=Rr2r = R - r,得到 R=3rR = 3r,面积比为 (13)2=19\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2 = \dfrac{1}{9}

所以正确答案是 B

Let the radii be rr and R.R. The small circle’s center EE lies on the bisector of AOB,\angle AOB, so OEOE makes a 3030^\circ angle with OA.OA.

The perpendicular from EE to OAOA has length r,r, and in the resulting 3030-6060-9090 triangle OE=2r.OE = 2r.

Since OE=Rr,OE = R - r, we get 2r=Rr,2r = R - r, so R=3rR = 3r and the area ratio is (13)2=19.\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^2 = \dfrac{1}{9}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

17.

一个等边三角形边长为 66。所有在三角形外部且到三角形某一点的距离不超过 33 的点所组成的区域面积是多少?

An equilateral triangle has side length 6.6. What is the area of the region containing all points that are outside the triangle and not more than 33 units from a point of the triangle?

36+24336 + 24\sqrt{3}

54+9π54 + 9\pi

54+183+6π54 + 18\sqrt{3} + 6\pi

(23+3)2π\left(2\sqrt{3} + 3\right)^2 \pi

9(3+1)2π9\left(\sqrt{3} + 1\right)^2 \pi

答案:B
难度评级:1680
小提示:

这个区域由沿三条边的三个矩形和三个顶点处的扇形组成。

The region is three rectangles along the sides plus three sectors at the corners

大提示:

三个顶点处的扇形各为 120120^\circ,合起来是一个半径为 33 的整圆。

The three corner sectors are each 120,120^\circ, and together they make one full circle of radius 33

解答:

沿三条边各有一个 6×36 \times 3 的矩形,贡献面积 363=543 \cdot 6 \cdot 3 = 54

每个顶点处有一个半径为 33、圆心角为 120120^\circ 的扇形;三个扇形合成一个整圆,面积为 π32=9π\pi \cdot 3^2 = 9\pi

总面积为 54+9π54 + 9\pi

所以正确答案是 B

Along each of the three sides is a 6×36 \times 3 rectangle, contributing 363=54.3 \cdot 6 \cdot 3 = 54.

At each vertex is a 120120^\circ sector of radius 3;3; the three together form a full circle of area π32=9π.\pi \cdot 3^2 = 9\pi.

The total area is 54+9π.54 + 9\pi.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

18.

一个直角三角形周长为 3232,面积为 2020。它的斜边长是多少?

A right triangle has perimeter 3232 and area 20.20. What is the length of its hypotenuse?

574\dfrac{57}{4}

594\dfrac{59}{4}

614\dfrac{61}{4}

634\dfrac{63}{4}

654\dfrac{65}{4}

答案:B
难度评级:1580
小提示:

设两条直角边为 y,zy, z,斜边为 xx,写出周长、面积和勾股关系。

Let the legs be y,zy, z and the hypotenuse x,x, and record perimeter, area, and Pythagorean relations

大提示:

y+z=32xy + z = 32 - x 平方,并使用 y2+z2=x2y^2 + z^2 = x^2yz=40yz = 40

Square y+z=32xy + z = 32 - x and use y2+z2=x2y^2 + z^2 = x^2 with yz=40yz = 40

解答:

设两条直角边为 y,zy, z,斜边为 xx。则 y2+z2=x2y^2 + z^2 = x^2y+z=32xy + z = 32 - x,且 yz=40yz = 40

将第二个等式平方,得到 (32x)2=y2+z2+2yz=x2+80 \begin{aligned} &(32 - x)^2 \\ &\quad = y^2 + z^2 + 2yz = x^2 + 80 \end{aligned}\text{。}

这给出 102464x=801024 - 64x = 80,所以 x=594x = \dfrac{59}{4}

所以正确答案是 B

Let the legs be y,zy, z and the hypotenuse x.x. Then y2+z2=x2,y^2 + z^2 = x^2, y+z=32x,y + z = 32 - x, and yz=40.yz = 40.

Squaring the second equation, (32x)2=y2+z2+2yz=x2+80. \begin{aligned} &(32 - x)^2 \\ &\quad = y^2 + z^2 + 2yz = x^2 + 80. \end{aligned}

This gives 102464x=80,1024 - 64x = 80, so x=594.x = \dfrac{59}{4}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

19.

矩形 PQRSPQRS 在平面内,且 PQ=RS=2PQ = RS = 2QR=SP=6QR = SP = 6。矩形先绕 RR 顺时针旋转 9090^\circ,再绕第一次旋转后点 SS 移到的位置顺时针旋转 9090^\circ。点 PP 经过的路径长度是多少?

Rectangle PQRSPQRS lies in a plane with PQ=RS=2PQ = RS = 2 and QR=SP=6.QR = SP = 6. The rectangle is rotated 9090^\circ clockwise about R,R, then rotated 9090^\circ clockwise about the point that SS moved to after the first rotation. What is the length of the path traveled by point P?P?

(23+5)π\left(2\sqrt{3} + \sqrt{5}\right)\pi

6π6\pi

(3+10)π\left(3 + \sqrt{10}\right)\pi

(3+25)π\left(\sqrt{3} + 2\sqrt{5}\right)\pi

210π2\sqrt{10}\pi

答案:C
难度评级:1840
小提示:

每次旋转时,点 PP 都走过一段四分之一圆弧。

Point PP traces one quarter-circle arc for each rotation

大提示:

第一次半径为 PR=40PR = \sqrt{40};第二次半径为长为 66 的边。

The first radius is PR=40;PR = \sqrt{40}; the second radius is the side of length 66

解答:

第一次旋转中,PPRR 走四分之一圆,半径为 PR=22+62=210PR = \sqrt{2^2 + 6^2} = 2\sqrt{10}。弧长为 14(2π210)=10π\dfrac{1}{4}\left(2\pi \cdot 2\sqrt{10}\right) = \sqrt{10}\,\pi

第二次旋转中,PPSS 的新位置走四分之一圆,半径为 66。弧长为 14(2π6)=3π\dfrac{1}{4}(2\pi \cdot 6) = 3\pi

总路径长度为 (3+10)π\left(3 + \sqrt{10}\right)\pi

所以正确答案是 C

In the first rotation, PP moves on a quarter circle about RR with radius PR=22+62=210.PR = \sqrt{2^2 + 6^2} = 2\sqrt{10}. The arc length is 14(2π210)=10π.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(2\pi \cdot 2\sqrt{10}\right) = \sqrt{10}\,\pi.

In the second rotation, PP moves on a quarter circle about the new position of SS with radius 6.6. The arc length is 14(2π6)=3π.\dfrac{1}{4}(2\pi \cdot 6) = 3\pi.

The total path length is (3+10)π.\left(3 + \sqrt{10}\right)\pi.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

20.

梯形 ABCDABCD 的底边为 ABABCDCD,对角线交于 KK。已知 AB=9AB = 9DC=12DC = 12,且 AKD\triangle AKD 的面积为 2424。梯形 ABCDABCD 的面积是多少?

Trapezoid ABCDABCD has bases ABAB and CDCD and diagonals intersecting at K.K. Suppose that AB=9,AB = 9, DC=12,DC = 12, and the area of AKD\triangle AKD is 24.24. What is the area of trapezoid ABCD?ABCD?

9292

9494

9696

9898

100100

答案:D
难度评级:1710
小提示:

三角形 AKBAKBCKDCKD 相似,相似比为 9:129 : 12

Triangles AKBAKB and CKDCKD are similar with ratio 9:129 : 12

大提示:

AKD\triangle AKDBKC\triangle BKC 面积相等;再由 [AKD]=24[AKD] = 24 按比例求其余三角形的面积。

AKD\triangle AKD and BKC\triangle BKC have equal areas; scale the others from [AKD]=24[AKD] = 24

解答:

三角形 AKBAKBCKDCKD 相似,比例为 912=34\dfrac{9}{12} = \dfrac{3}{4}

因为 AKD\triangle AKDKCD\triangle KCD 的底边 AKAKKCKC 在同一直线上,且从 DD 出发的高相同,所以 [KCD][AKD]=KCAK=43\dfrac{[KCD]}{[AKD]} = \dfrac{KC}{AK} = \dfrac{4}{3},于是 [KCD]=32[KCD] = 32。同理 [AKB]=18[AKB] = 18

另外 [BKC]=[AKD]=24[BKC] = [AKD] = 24。总面积为 24+32+18+24=9824 + 32 + 18 + 24 = 98

所以正确答案是 D

Triangles AKBAKB and CKDCKD are similar with ratio 912=34.\dfrac{9}{12} = \dfrac{3}{4}.

Since AKD\triangle AKD and KCD\triangle KCD have bases AKAK and KCKC on the same line and share the same altitude from D,D, [KCD][AKD]=KCAK=43,\dfrac{[KCD]}{[AKD]} = \dfrac{KC}{AK} = \dfrac{4}{3}, so [KCD]=32.[KCD] = 32. Similarly [AKB]=18.[AKB] = 18.

Also [BKC]=[AKD]=24.[BKC] = [AKD] = 24. The total is 24+32+18+24=98.24 + 32 + 18 + 24 = 98.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

21.

一个边长为 11 的立方体被一个平面切开,该平面经过一对相对顶点 AACC,以及不含 AACC 的两条相对棱的中点 BBDD,如图所示。四边形 ABCDABCD 的面积是多少?

A cube with side length 11 is sliced by a plane that passes through two diagonally opposite vertices AA and CC and the midpoints BB and DD of two opposite edges not containing AA or C,C, as shown. What is the area of quadrilateral ABCD?ABCD?

62\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}

54\dfrac{5}{4}

2\sqrt{2}

32\dfrac{3}{2}

3\sqrt{3}

答案:A
难度评级:1770
小提示:

ABCDABCD 的四条边都相等,所以它是菱形。

All four sides of ABCDABCD are equal, so it is a rhombus

大提示:

它的对角线是空间对角线 AC=3AC = \sqrt{3} 和面对角线 BD=2BD = \sqrt{2}

Its diagonals are a space diagonal AC=3AC = \sqrt{3} and a face diagonal BD=2BD = \sqrt{2}

解答:

ABCDABCD 的每条边都连接立方体一个顶点和一条棱的中点,所以四边相等,ABCDABCD 是菱形。

它的对角线为立方体空间对角线 AC=3AC = \sqrt{3} 和面对角线 BD=2BD = \sqrt{2}

菱形面积为对角线乘积的一半:1232=62\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{2} = \dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}

所以正确答案是 A

Each side of ABCDABCD joins a vertex of the cube to the midpoint of an edge, so all four sides are equal and ABCDABCD is a rhombus.

Its diagonals are the space diagonal AC=3AC = \sqrt{3} and the face diagonal BD=2.BD = \sqrt{2}.

The area of a rhombus is half the product of its diagonals: 1232=62.\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{2} = \dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

22.

Jacob 用如下过程写出一个数列。首先他选择第一项为 66。为了生成下一项,他抛一枚公平硬币。若正面朝上,他将前一项加倍再减 11。若反面朝上,他取前一项的一半再减 11。Jacob 数列的第四项为整数的概率是多少?

Jacob uses the following procedure to write down a sequence of numbers. First he chooses the first term to be 6.6. To generate each succeeding term, he flips a fair coin. If it comes up heads, he doubles the previous term and subtracts 1.1. If it comes up tails, he takes half of the previous term and subtracts 1.1. What is the probability that the fourth term in Jacob’s sequence is an integer?

16\dfrac{1}{6}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

58\dfrac{5}{8}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

答案:D
难度评级:1880
小提示:

建立所有可能数列的树形图;每次抛硬币分成两个分支。

Build a tree of the possible sequences; each flip splits into two branches

大提示:

追踪哪些第四项为整数,注意奇数除以二后不再是整数。

Track which fourth terms are integers, remembering that halving an odd number breaks integrality

解答:

66 开始,第二项可能为 1111(正面)或 22(反面)。

继续展开树形图,八个等可能的第四项为 41,9.5,8,1.25,5,0.5,1,141, 9.5, 8, 1.25, 5, 0.5, -1, -1

其中 41,8,5,1,141, 8, 5, -1, -1 是整数,所以概率为 58\dfrac{5}{8}

所以正确答案是 D

Starting from 6,6, the second terms are 1111 (heads) and 22 (tails).

Continuing the tree, the eight equally likely fourth terms are 41,9.5,8,1.25,5,0.5,1,1.41, 9.5, 8, 1.25, 5, 0.5, -1, -1.

Of these, 41,8,5,1,141, 8, 5, -1, -1 are integers, so the probability is 58.\dfrac{5}{8}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

23.

要从集合 S={a,b,c,d,e}S = \{a, b, c, d, e\} 中选择两个子集,使它们的并集为 SS,且交集恰好包含两个元素。如果选择两个子集的顺序不重要,共有多少种方法?

Two subsets of the set S={a,b,c,d,e}S = \{a, b, c, d, e\} are to be chosen so that their union is SS and their intersection contains exactly two elements. In how many ways can this be done, assuming that the order in which the subsets are chosen does not matter?

2020

4040

6060

160160

320320

答案:B
难度评级:1770
小提示:

先选择属于两个子集共有的两个元素。

First choose the two elements that belong to both subsets

大提示:

其余每个元素恰好进入一个子集;最后对无序子集对进行修正。

Each of the remaining elements goes to exactly one subset; then correct for the unordered pair

解答:

共有元素可用 (52)=10\binom{5}{2} = 10 种方式选择。

剩余 33 个元素必须恰好属于一个子集,有 23=82^3 = 8 种分配方式,所以有 8080 个有序子集对。

因为两个子集的顺序不重要,除以 22,得到 802=40\dfrac{80}{2} = 40

所以正确答案是 B

Choose the two common elements in (52)=10\binom{5}{2} = 10 ways.

Each of the remaining 33 elements must lie in exactly one subset, giving 23=82^3 = 8 assignments, for 8080 ordered pairs.

Since the order of the two subsets does not matter, divide by 22 to get 802=40.\dfrac{80}{2} = 40.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

24.

k=20082+22008k = 2008^2 + 2^{2008}k2+2kk^2 + 2^k 的个位数字是多少?

Let k=20082+22008.k = 2008^2 + 2^{2008}. What is the units digit of k2+2k?k^2 + 2^k?

00

22

44

66

88

答案:D
难度评级:1910
小提示:

先求 kk 的个位数字。

Find the units digit of kk first

大提示:

220082^{2008} 个位为 66200822008^2 个位为 44;再求 kmod4k \bmod 4 来处理 2k2^k

220082^{2008} ends in 66 and 200822008^2 ends in 4;4; then determine kmod4k \bmod 4 to handle 2k2^k

解答:

2n2^n 的个位数字按 2,4,8,62, 4, 8, 6 循环,所以 220082^{2008} 个位为 66。另外 200822008^2 的个位为 44

因此 kk 的个位为 00,所以 k2k^2 的个位为 00

又因为 200822008^2220082^{2008} 都是 44 的倍数,所以 k0(mod4)k \equiv 0 \pmod 4,从而 2k2^k 的个位为 66

所以 k2+2kk^2 + 2^k 的个位数字为 0+6=60 + 6 = 6

所以正确答案是 D

The units digit of 2n2^n cycles 2,4,8,6,2, 4, 8, 6, so 220082^{2008} ends in 6.6. Also 200822008^2 ends in 4.4.

Thus kk ends in 0,0, so k2k^2 ends in 0.0.

Both 200822008^2 and 220082^{2008} are multiples of 4,4, so k0(mod4),k \equiv 0 \pmod 4, which makes 2k2^k end in 6.6.

The units digit of k2+2kk^2 + 2^k is 0+6=6.0 + 6 = 6.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

25.

一张圆桌半径为 44。桌上放着六个矩形餐垫。每个餐垫宽为 11,长为 xx,如图所示。每个餐垫都有两个角在桌边上,这两个角是一条长为 xx 的边的两个端点。此外,每个内侧角都与相邻餐垫的一个内侧角相接。xx 是多少?

A round table has radius 4.4. Six rectangular place mats are placed on the table. Each place mat has width 11 and length xx as shown. They are positioned so that each mat has two corners on the edge of the table, these two corners being end points of the same side of length x.x. Further, the mats are positioned so that the inner corners each touch an inner corner of an adjacent mat. What is x?x?

2532\sqrt{5} - \sqrt{3}

33

3732\dfrac{3\sqrt{7} - \sqrt{3}}{2}

232\sqrt{3}

5+232\dfrac{5 + 2\sqrt{3}}{2}

答案:C
难度评级:2150
小提示:

取一个餐垫的外侧角为 P,QP, Q,令 RR 为圆上与 PP 关于直径相对的点,则 PQR\triangle PQR 是斜边为 88 的直角三角形。

Take one mat with outer corners P,Q,P, Q, and let RR be the point of the circle opposite P,P, so PQR\triangle PQR is right-angled with hypotenuse 88

大提示:

内角相接处形成顶角 120120^\circ 的等腰三角形,得到 QR=3x+2QR = \sqrt{3}\,x + 2

The inner corners meet in 120120^\circ isosceles triangles, giving QR=3x+2QR = \sqrt{3}\,x + 2

解答:

取一个餐垫的外侧角为 PPQQ,令 RR 为圆上与 PP 关于直径相对的点。于是 PQR\triangle PQRQQ 处为直角,斜边 PR=8PR = 8

相邻餐垫的内角相接,形成顶角为 120120^\circ、两腰为 xx 的等腰三角形,其底边为 3x\sqrt{3}\,x。再加上两个餐垫宽度,QR=3x+2QR = \sqrt{3}\,x + 2

由勾股定理,(3x+2)2+x2=64 \left(\sqrt{3}\,x + 2\right)^2 + x^2 = 64\text{,}化简为 x2+3x15=0x^2 + \sqrt{3}\,x - 15 = 0

取正根,x=3732 x = \dfrac{3\sqrt{7} - \sqrt{3}}{2}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

Pick a mat with outer corners PP and Q,Q, and let RR be the point on the circle diametrically opposite P.P. Then PQR\triangle PQR is right-angled at QQ with hypotenuse PR=8.PR = 8.

The inner corners of adjacent mats meet in isosceles triangles with vertex angle 120120^\circ and sides x,x, whose base is 3x.\sqrt{3}\,x. Together with the two mat widths, QR=3x+2.QR = \sqrt{3}\,x + 2.

By the Pythagorean theorem, (3x+2)2+x2=64, \left(\sqrt{3}\,x + 2\right)^2 + x^2 = 64, which simplifies to x2+3x15=0.x^2 + \sqrt{3}\,x - 15 = 0.

Taking the positive root, x=3732. x = \dfrac{3\sqrt{7} - \sqrt{3}}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.