2017 AMC 10B 第 19 题

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19.

ABCABC 是等边三角形。将边 AB\overline{AB}BB 延长到点 BB',使 BB=3ABBB'=3 \cdot AB。类似地,将 BC\overline{BC}CC 延长到 CC',使 CC=3BCCC'=3 \cdot BC,将 CA\overline{CA}AA 延长到 AA',使 AA=3CAAA'=3 \cdot CA

ABC\triangle A'B'C' 的面积与 ABC\triangle ABC 的面积之比是多少?

Let ABCABC be an equilateral triangle. Extend side AB\overline{AB} beyond BB to a point BB' so that BB=3AB.BB'=3 \cdot AB. Similarly, extend side BC\overline{BC} beyond CC to a point CC' so that CC=3BC,CC'=3 \cdot BC, and extend side CA\overline{CA} beyond AA to a point AA' so that AA=3CA.AA'=3 \cdot CA.

What is the ratio of the area of ABC\triangle A'B'C' to the area of ABC?\triangle ABC?

9:19:1

16:116:1

25:125:1

36:136:1

37:137:1

答案:E
知识点:面积比等边三角形三角形面积
难度评级:1860
解答:

ABC.\triangle ABC. 的面积为 XXBBC,\triangle BB'C, CCA,\triangle CC'A,AAB\triangle AA'B 的底边都分别是 ABC\triangle ABC 对应边的三倍,而对应高相同。因此每个三角形的面积都是 3X.3X.

接着,AAC\triangle AA'C' 的底是 ACC,\triangle ACC', 的三倍,高相同;后者面积为 3X.3X. 所以 AAC\triangle AA'C' 的面积为 9X.9X. 同理,CCB\triangle CC'B'BBA\triangle BB'A' 的面积也都是 9X.9X.

这七个区域恰好分割大三角形,所以 [ABC]=X+3(3X)+3(9X)=37X.\begin{aligned}[A'B'C']&=X+3(3X)+3(9X)\\&=37X.\end{aligned} 所求比为 37:1.37:1.

所以正确答案是 E

Let XX be the area of ABC.\triangle ABC. Each of BBC,\triangle BB'C, CCA,\triangle CC'A, and AAB\triangle AA'B has a base three times as long as a side of ABC\triangle ABC and the same corresponding altitude. Each therefore has area 3X.3X.

Next, AAC\triangle AA'C' has three times the base and the same altitude as ACC,\triangle ACC', whose area is 3X.3X. Thus AAC\triangle AA'C' has area 9X.9X. Similarly, CCB\triangle CC'B' and BBA\triangle BB'A' each have area 9X.9X.

These seven regions partition the large triangle, so [ABC]=X+3(3X)+3(9X)=37X.\begin{aligned}[A'B'C']&=X+3(3X)+3(9X)\\&=37X.\end{aligned} The requested ratio is 37:1.37:1.

Thus, the correct answer is E .

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