2016 AMC 10B 第 23 题

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23.

在正六边形 ABCDEFABCDEF 中,点 WWXXYYZZ 分别选在边 BC\overline{BC}CD\overline{CD}EF\overline{EF}FA\overline{FA} 上,使直线 ABABZWZWYXYXEDED 互相平行且间距相等。六边形 WCXYFZWCXYFZ 的面积与六边形 ABCDEFABCDEF 的面积之比是多少?

In regular hexagon ABCDEF,ABCDEF, points W,W, X,X, Y,Y, and ZZ are chosen on sides BC,\overline{BC}, CD,\overline{CD}, EF,\overline{EF}, and FA\overline{FA} respectively, so lines AB,AB, ZW,ZW, YX,YX, and EDED are parallel and equally spaced. What is the ratio of the area of hexagon WCXYFZWCXYFZ to the area of hexagon ABCDEF?ABCDEF?

 13\ \dfrac{1}{3}

 1027\ \dfrac{10}{27}

 1127\ \dfrac{11}{27}

 49\ \dfrac{4}{9}

 1327\ \dfrac{13}{27}

答案:C
知识点:正多边形面积比相似
难度评级:2300
解答:

参考下图: 图形对称,因此可比较 FE\overline{FE}CD\overline{CD} 的面积比。为此,把 和 延长到相交于点 PP

直线 EDEDZWZW 的距离等于 ZWZWYXYX 的距离,而 ZWZWdd 的距离是 2d2dFCFC 的距离的两倍。 因此 EDEDhh 的距离是 PFCPFCFCFC 的距离的两倍。设从 PP1:21:2 的高为 h=3dh=3d。若从 PZWPZWPEDPED 的高为 ,则从 到 的高为 。由于 又 ,且 PEDPED 是等边三角形,所以 ,即 。 h+3d=2h,h+3d=2h, h+2dh=53.\frac{h+2d}{h}=\frac53.

因此 [PED]=1[PED]=1[PZW]=259[PZW]=\frac{25}{9} 的边长比为 [PFC]=4[PFC]=4,面积比为 11/93=1127\frac{11/9}{3}=\frac{11}{27}。而 与 的边长比为 ,面积比为 。 所以 EDCFEDCF 的面积是 面积的 倍,而 的面积是 面积的 倍。因此 ZWCFZWCF 的面积是 面积的 倍。 [ZWCF]=4259=119,[EDCF]=41=3. \begin{aligned} [ZWCF]&=4-\frac{25}{9}=\frac{11}{9}, \\ [EDCF]&=4-1=3. \end{aligned}

于是 与 的面积比为 所以正确答案是 C

Extend FE\overline{FE} and CD\overline{CD} until they meet at P.P.

Let dd be the distance between ZWZW and FC.FC. Because the four given lines are equally spaced and FCFC lies halfway between ZWZW and YX,YX, the distance from EDED to ZWZW is 2d.2d. Let the altitude from PP to EDED be h.h. The equilateral triangles PEDPED and PFCPFC have side lengths in the ratio 1:2,1:2, so their altitudes satisfy h+3d=2h,h+3d=2h, giving h=3d.h=3d. Therefore the side-length ratio of PZWPZW to PEDPED is h+2dh=53.\frac{h+2d}{h}=\frac53.

Taking [PED]=1,[PED]=1, similarity gives [PZW]=259[PZW]=\frac{25}{9} and [PFC]=4.[PFC]=4. Hence [ZWCF]=4259=119,[EDCF]=41=3. \begin{aligned} [ZWCF]&=4-\frac{25}{9}=\frac{11}{9}, \\ [EDCF]&=4-1=3. \end{aligned} The desired hexagon consists of two congruent copies of ZWCF,ZWCF, while the regular hexagon consists of two congruent copies of EDCF.EDCF. Thus the requested ratio is 11/93=1127.\frac{11/9}{3}=\frac{11}{27}.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

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