2015 AMC 10B 第 23 题

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23.

nn 是大于四的正整数,n!n! 以十为底表示时末尾有 kk 个零,而 (2n)!(2n)! 以十为底表示时末尾有 3k3k 个零。令 ss 为四个最小可能的 nn 值之和。求 ss 的各位数字之和。

Let nn be a positive integer greater than 4 such that the decimal representation of n!n! ends in kk zeros and the decimal representation of (2n)!(2n)! ends in 3k3k zeros. Let ss denote the sum of the four least possible values of n.n. What is the sum of the digits of s?s?

77

88

99

1010

1111

答案:B
知识点:末尾零勒让德公式阶乘
难度评级:1790
解答:

阶乘末尾零的个数等于其中因子 55 的个数。对 5n95\le n\le9n!n!k=1k=1 个零;要使 (2n)!(2n)!33 个零,需要 152n1915\le2n\le19,所以 n=8,9n=8,9

10n1410\le n\le14n!n!k=2k=2 个零;要使 (2n)!(2n)!66 个零,需要 252n2925\le2n\le29,所以 n=13,14n=13,14

这就是四个最小值,所以 s=8+9+13+14=44s=8+9+13+14=44ss 的各位数字和为 88

所以正确答案是 B

The number of trailing zeros is the number of factors of 55. For 5n95\le n\le9, n!n! has k=1k=1 zero. We need (2n)!(2n)! to have 33 zeros, which happens when 152n1915\le2n\le19. Thus n=8,9n=8,9.

For 10n1410\le n\le14, n!n! has k=2k=2 zeros. We need (2n)!(2n)! to have 66 zeros, which happens when 252n2925\le2n\le29. Thus n=13,14n=13,14.

These are the four least possible values, so s=8+9+13+14=44s=8+9+13+14=44. The sum of the digits of ss is 88.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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