2014 AMC 10A 第 13 题

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13.

等边 △ABC\triangle ABC 的边长为 11,正方形 ABDEABDE、BCHIBCHI、CAFGCAFG 都在三角形外侧。六边形 DEFGHIDEFGHI 的面积是多少?

Equilateral △ABC\triangle ABC has side length 1,1, and squares ABDE,ABDE, BCHI,BCHI, CAFGCAFG lie outside the triangle. What is the area of hexagon DEFGHI?DEFGHI?

12+334\dfrac{12+3\sqrt3}4

92\dfrac92

3+33+\sqrt3

6+332\dfrac{6+3\sqrt3}2

66

答案:C
知识点:等边三角形正方形(几何)面积分割
难度评级:1540
小提示:

把六边形分成原三角形、三个正方形和三个外侧三角形。

Decompose the hexagon into the original triangle, three squares, and three outer triangles

大提示:

每个外侧三角形的两边长为 1,11,1,夹角为 120∘120^\circ。

Each outer triangle has sides 1,11,1 with included angle 120∘120^\circ

解答:

求出各个小块的面积,再把它们相加。

中央等边三角形的面积为 1234=34。 \dfrac{1^2 \sqrt{3}}{4} = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\text{。}

所有正方形的总面积为 3⋅12=3。 3 \cdot 1^2 = 3\text{。}

另外,∠EAF=360∘−60∘−2⋅90∘ \angle EAF = 360^{\circ} - 60^{\circ} - 2 \cdot 90^{\circ}=120∘。 = 120^{\circ}\text{。}

又有 AE=AF=1AE=AF=1,且 ∠EAF=120∘\angle EAF=120^\circ。从 AA 向底边作高可得 EF=3EF=\sqrt3,高为 12\frac12,所以 [EAF]=34[EAF]=\frac{\sqrt3}{4}。另外两个外侧三角形面积相同。因此它们的总面积为 334\frac{3\sqrt3}{4}。

总面积为 34+334+3=3+3。 \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{4} + 3 = 3 + \sqrt{3}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C。

We can find the areas of all the individual pieces and then add them up together.

The area of the center equilateral triangle is 1234=34. \dfrac{1^2 \sqrt{3}}{4} = \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4}.

We have that the areas of all the squares is 3⋅12=3. 3 \cdot 1^2 = 3.

We also have that ∠EAF=360∘−60∘−2⋅90∘ \angle EAF = 360^{\circ} - 60^{\circ} - 2 \cdot 90^{\circ}=120∘. = 120^{\circ}.

Also, AE=AF=1AE=AF=1 and ∠EAF=120∘\angle EAF=120^\circ. Dropping the altitude from AA shows that EF=3EF=\sqrt3 and the altitude is 12\frac12, so [EAF]=34[EAF]=\frac{\sqrt3}{4}. The other two outer triangles have the same area. Thus their combined area is 334\frac{3\sqrt3}{4}.

The total area is then 34+334+3=3+3. \dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{4} + \dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{4} + 3 = 3 + \sqrt{3}.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

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