2013 AMC 10B 第 22 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

22.

正八边形 ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH 的中心为 JJ。要把数字 1199 分别填在八个顶点和中心上,每个数字用一次,使得直线 AJEAJEBJFBJFCJGCJGDJHDJH 上三个数的和都相等。有多少种填法?

The regular octagon ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH has its center at J.J. Each of the vertices and the center are to be associated with one of the digits 11 through 9,9, with each digit used once, in such a way that the sums of the numbers on the lines AJE,AJE, BJF,BJF, CJG,CJG, and DJHDJH are all equal. In how many ways can this be done?

384384

576576

11521152

16801680

34563456

答案:C
知识点:幻方模运算配对与分组乘法原理
难度评级:2060
小提示:

中心数字会出现在四条线的和中。

The center digit contributes to all four line sums

大提示:

选定中心后,把剩下的数字配成和相等的相对点对。

After choosing the center, pair the remaining digits into equal-sum opposite pairs

解答:

设每条线的公共和为 SSS=A+J+E=B+J+F=C+J+G=D+J+H \begin{aligned} S &= A+J+E \\ &=B+J+F \\ &=C+J+G \\ &=D+J+H \end{aligned} 4S=A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H+4J \begin{aligned} 4S &= A+B+C+D+E \\ &\quad+F+G+H+4J \end{aligned} 4S=45+3J4S = 45+3J 45+3J0mod445+3J \equiv 0 \mod 4 3J3mod43J \equiv 3 \mod 4 J1mod4J \equiv 1 \mod 4

四条线的和相加后可知中心数字只能为 J=1,5,9J=1,5,9。先看 J=1J=1 的情况。

J=1J=1 时,满足条件的数对为 2+9=3+8=4+7=5+62+9 = 3+8 = 4+7 = 5+6 四对可分配给四条直线,有 4!4! 种,每对内部可交换,有 242^4 种,其中 2+9    9+22+9\iff 9+2 表示同一对的两种顺序。

J=5J=5J=9J=9 也同理,因此总数为 34!24=11523\cdot 4! \cdot 2^4 = 1152 种。

所以正确答案是 C

Let SS be defined as: S=A+J+E=B+J+F=C+J+G=D+J+H \begin{aligned} S &= A+J+E \\ &=B+J+F \\ &=C+J+G \\ &=D+J+H \end{aligned} 4S=A+B+C+D+E+F+G+H+4J \begin{aligned} 4S &= A+B+C+D+E \\ &\quad+F+G+H+4J \end{aligned} 4S=45+3J4S = 45+3J 45+3J0mod445+3J \equiv 0 \mod 4 3J3mod43J \equiv 3 \mod 4 J1mod4J \equiv 1 \mod 4

This means that J=1,5,9.J=1,5,9. From here, let’s assume J=1.J=1. We will see that the other cases are similar enough to omit.

If J=1,J=1, then we know that the pairs of numbers that satisfy the equality above are: 2+9=3+8=4+7=5+62+9 = 3+8 = 4+7 = 5+6 There are 4!4! ways to distribute the pairs over the four groups, and then 242^4 ways for these groups to swap elements (i.e. 2+9    9+22+9\iff 9+2).

Now, if we look at the J=5J=5 and J=9J=9 cases, we see a similar pattern in the number of groupings and swaps. As such, we have: 34!24=11523\cdot 4! \cdot 2^4 = 1152 possibilities.

Thus, the correct answer is C .

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