2022 AMC 10B 第 22 题
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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。
22.
设 为坐标平面中所有同时与下面三个圆相切的圆的集合:以及 求 中所有圆的面积之和。
Let be the set of circles in the coordinate plane that are tangent to each of the three circles with equations and What is the sum of the areas of all circles in
小提示:
根据所求圆与较小同心圆内切还是外切来配对讨论
Pair cases according to whether it is internally or externally tangent to the smaller concentric circle
大提示:
每个所求圆都与最大的同心圆内切
Every desired circle is internally tangent to the largest concentric circle
解答:
将半径为 和 的两个同心圆分别称为内圆和外圆。设所求圆的半径为 ,圆心到原点的距离为 。所求圆必与外圆内切,因此 。
若所求圆与内圆外切,则 ,从而 。若所求圆包含内圆,则 ,从而 。因此,所求圆的半径必为 或 。
第三个已知圆的半径为 ,圆心为 。对 的两个可能值,所求圆都可以与第三个圆内切或外切,所以两圆心之间的距离为 或 。在这四种情形中,若该距离为 ,则都有 。因此,以原点为圆心、 为半径的圆与所求圆圆心的轨迹交于关于 轴对称的两点,如图所示。于是,每一种半径都有 个所求圆。
所以总面积为 因此,正确答案是 E。
Call the concentric circles of radii and the inner and outer circles. Let a desired circle have radius and let its center be distance from the origin. It must be internally tangent to the outer circle, so
If it is externally tangent to the inner circle, then giving If it contains the inner circle, then giving Thus every desired circle has radius or
The third given circle has radius and center For either value of a desired circle may be internally or externally tangent to it, so the distance between their centers is or In all four cases, if this distance is then so the circle of possible centers intersects the circle of radius about the origin in two points, symmetric across the -axis, as shown. Hence there are desired circles of each radius.
The total area is therefore Thus, E is the correct answer.
其他年份的第 22 题
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