2009 AMC 10A 第 22 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

22.

两个立方体骰子各有可拆卸的数字 1166。把两个骰子上的十二个数字拆下放入袋中,然后一次抽出一个,随机重新贴到两个立方体的面上,每面贴一个数字。随后掷这两个骰子,并把两个顶面上的数字相加。和为 77 的概率是多少?

Two cubical dice each have removable numbers 11 through 6.6. The twelve numbers on the two dice are removed, put into a bag, then drawn one at a time and randomly reattached to the faces of the cubes, one number to each face. The dice are then rolled and the numbers on the two top faces are added. What is the probability that the sum is 7?7?

19\dfrac{1}{9}

18\dfrac{1}{8}

16\dfrac{1}{6}

211\dfrac{2}{11}

15\dfrac{1}{5}

答案:D
知识点:骰子(概率)基本概率对称性
难度评级:1820
小提示:

整个过程等价于随机选出十二张数字牌中的两张并相加。

The whole process is equivalent to picking two of the twelve tiles at random and adding them

大提示:

如果第一张显示 NN,数一数剩余 1111 张中有多少张等于 7N7 - N

After the first tile shows N,N, count how many of the remaining 1111 tiles equal 7N7 - N

解答:

随机贴数字再掷骰子,等价于从这十二个数字中随机选两个并相加。

假设第一个顶面显示 NN。若和为 77,第二个必须是 7N7 - N;符合要求的牌恰有 22 张,都等于 7N7 - N,而此时总共剩余 1111 张牌。

所以概率为 211\dfrac{2}{11}

所以正确答案是 D

Randomly attaching the tiles and then rolling is equivalent to choosing two of the twelve numbers at random and adding them.

Suppose the first top face shows N.N. For a sum of 7,7, the second must be 7N,7 - N, and there are exactly 22 tiles equal to 7N7 - N among the remaining 11.11.

So the probability is 211.\dfrac{2}{11}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

第 21 题#21
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