2009 AMC 10A 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
一罐汽水有 盎司。要提供一加仑( 盎司)汽水,至少需要多少罐?
One can holds ounces of soda. What is the minimum number of cans needed to provide a gallon ( ounces) of soda?
2.
从一个储钱罐中取出四枚硬币。储钱罐里有一分币、五分币、一角币和二十五分币。以下哪一个数值不可能是这四枚硬币的总价值,单位为美分?
Four coins are picked out of a piggy bank that contains a collection of pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters. Which of the following could not be the total value of the four coins, in cents?
小提示:
若总值是 的倍数,则一分币的数量也必须是 的倍数。
A total that is a multiple of forces the number of pennies to be a multiple of
大提示:
如果没有一分币,四枚硬币至少值 美分。
With no pennies, four coins are worth at least cents
解答:
要得到 的倍数美分,一分币的数量必须是 的倍数。只有四枚硬币时,这意味着不能有一分币;但此时每枚硬币至少值 美分,总值至少为 美分。
所以 美分无法得到。其他金额都可以组成:,,,以及 。
所以正确答案是 A。
To get a multiple of cents, the number of pennies must be a multiple of With only four coins, that means using no pennies, but then the four coins are each worth at least cents, for a total of at least cents.
So cents cannot be made. The others can: and
Thus, the correct answer is A.
3.
4.
Eric 计划参加铁人三项。他在 英里的游泳中平均速度为每小时 英里,在 英里的跑步中平均速度为每小时 英里。他的目标是在 小时内完成比赛。为了达到目标,他在 英里自行车赛段的平均速度必须是多少英里每小时?
Eric plans to compete in a triathlon. He can average miles per hour in the -mile swim and miles per hour in the -mile run. His goal is to finish the triathlon in hours. To accomplish his goal what must his average speed, in miles per hour, be for the -mile bicycle ride?
小提示:
先求游泳和跑步用掉的时间,再从 小时中减去。
Find the time used by the swim and the run, then subtract from hours
大提示:
速度等于 英里除以剩余时间。
Speed equals miles divided by the leftover time
解答:
游泳用时 小时,跑步用时 小时。这给自行车赛段留下 小时。
所需平均速度为 英里/小时。
所以正确答案是 A。
The swim takes hour and the run takes hour. This leaves hours for the bicycle ride.
His average speed must be miles per hour.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
5.
的平方的各位数字之和是多少?
What is the sum of the digits of the square of
小提示:
先试着平方位数较少、各位都是一的数,如 、、,观察规律。
Try squaring the shorter repunits to spot a pattern
大提示:
这个各位都是一的九位数的平方是 。
The square of the nine-digit repunit is
解答:
这个各位都是一的九位数的平方是回文数
它的各位数字依次为 ,所以数字和为
所以正确答案是 E。
The square of the nine-digit repunit is the palindrome
Its digits are so the sum is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
6.
如图所示,一个半径为 的圆内切于一个半圆。半圆内但圆外的部分被涂阴影。阴影部分占半圆面积的几分之几?
A circle of radius is inscribed in a semicircle, as shown. The area inside the semicircle but outside the circle is shaded. What fraction of the semicircle’s area is shaded?
小提示:
小圆放在直径上并与弧相切,所以半圆的半径为 。
The circle sits on the diameter and touches the arc, so the semicircle has radius
大提示:
比较小圆面积与半圆面积。
Compare the circle’s area to the semicircle’s area
解答:
内切圆落在直径上并与半圆弧相切,所以半圆的半径是 。半圆面积为
小圆面积为 ,所以阴影面积为 。
阴影部分占半圆的比例为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
The inscribed circle rests on the diameter and is tangent to the arc, so the semicircle has radius Its area is
The circle’s area is so the shaded area is
The shaded fraction is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
7.
一盒牛奶含 脂肪,这比一盒全脂牛奶所含脂肪少 。全脂牛奶的脂肪百分比是多少?
A carton contains milk that is fat, an amount that is less fat than the amount contained in a carton of whole milk. What is the percentage of fat in whole milk?
8.
Wen 家三代人去看电影,每一代有两人。最年轻一代的两人作为儿童享受 折扣。最年长一代的两人作为老人享受 折扣。中间一代的两人没有折扣。Wen 祖父的一张老人票价为 ,他要为所有人付钱。他一共要付多少美元?
Three generations of the Wen family are going to the movies, two from each generation. The two members of the youngest generation receive a discount as children. The two members of the oldest generation receive a discount as senior citizens. The two members of the middle generation receive no discount. Grandfather Wen, whose senior ticket costs is paying for everyone. How many dollars must he pay?
小提示:
老人票是全价的 ,所以先求全价。
A senior ticket is of the full price, so find the full price first
大提示:
加上两张老人票、两张全价票和两张儿童票。
Add two senior, two full, and two child tickets
解答:
老人票价为 ,这是全价的 ,所以全价票为 ,儿童票为 。
总价为
所以正确答案是 B。
The senior ticket costs which is of the full price, so a full ticket costs and a child ticket costs
The total is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
9.
正整数 、 和 满足 ,并且按这个顺序组成一个公比为整数的等比数列。求 的值。
Positive integers and with form a geometric sequence with an integer ratio. What is
小提示:
如果公比为 ,则 。
If the ratio is then
大提示:
分解 ,找出唯一大于 的整数公比。
Factor to find the only integer ratio greater than
解答:
设公比为 。则 。
因为 必须是大于 的整数,唯一可能是 ,从而 ,数列为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let the common ratio be Then
Since must be an integer greater than the only possibility is giving and the sequence
Thus, the correct answer is B.
10.
三角形 在 处为直角。点 是从 向斜边作高的垂足,且 、。 的面积是多少?
Triangle has a right angle at Point is the foot of the altitude from and What is the area of
11.
一个立方体的一条边增加 ,另一条边减少 ,第三条边不变。新的长方体体积比原立方体体积少 。原立方体的体积是多少?
One dimension of a cube is increased by another is decreased by and the third is left unchanged. The volume of the new rectangular solid is less than that of the cube. What was the volume of the cube?
小提示:
设立方体边长为 ,把新体积写成 。
Let the cube have side and write the new volume as
大提示:
注意 。
Note that
解答:
设立方体边长为 。新长方体的体积为
新长方体的体积为 ,所以 ,得到 。
原立方体体积为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Let the cube have side length The new solid has volume
Setting this equal to gives so
The cube’s volume is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
12.
在四边形 中,、、、,且 是整数。 是多少?
In quadrilateral and is an integer. What is
小提示:
分别对 和 使用三角形不等式。
Apply the triangle inequality to and separately
大提示:
对角线 必须满足 。
The diagonal must satisfy
解答:
在 中,三角形不等式给出 ,所以 。
在 中,三角形不等式给出 ,所以 。
唯一满足 的整数是 。
所以正确答案是 C。
In the triangle inequality gives so
In it gives so
The only integer with is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
13.
14.
四个全等的长方形如图摆放。外部正方形的面积是内部正方形面积的 倍。每个长方形长边与短边的比是多少?
Four congruent rectangles are placed as shown. The area of the outer square is times that of the inner square. What is the ratio of the length of the longer side of each rectangle to the length of its shorter side?
小提示:
设长方形短边为 、长边为 ,并表示两个正方形的边长。
Let the rectangle have shorter side and longer side and express the two square sides
大提示:
外部正方形边长为 ,内部正方形边长为 ,边长比为 。
The outer square has side and the inner square has side with ratio
解答:
设每个长方形短边为 、长边为 。外部正方形边长为 ,内部正方形边长为 。
因为面积比为 ,所以边长比为 ,于是 得到 。
长边与短边的比为 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Let each rectangle have shorter side and longer side The outer square has side length and the inner square has side length
Since the area ratio is the side ratio is so which gives
The ratio of longer to shorter side is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
15.
图中的 、、 和 是一个图形序列的前几项。当 时, 由 构造而成:在它外面围上一个正方形,并且新正方形每条边上的菱形数量比 外部正方形每条边上的菱形数量多一个。例如,图形 有 个菱形。图形 中有多少个菱形?
The figures and shown are the first in a sequence of figures. For is constructed from by surrounding it with a square and placing one more diamond on each side of the new square than had on each side of its outside square. For example, figure has diamonds. How many diamonds are there in figure
16.
17.
长方形 中,,。过 作线段 ,使得 ,并且 和 分别在 和 上。 是多少?
Rectangle has and Segment is constructed through so that and and lie on and respectively. What is
18.
在 Jefferson 夏令营, 的孩子踢足球, 的孩子游泳,并且 的足球队员游泳。四舍五入到最接近的整数百分比,不游泳的孩子中有百分之多少踢足球?
At Jefferson Summer Camp, of the children play soccer, of the children swim, and of the soccer players swim. To the nearest whole percent, what percent of the non-swimmers play soccer?
小提示:
假设有 个孩子,并计算踢足球且游泳的人数。
Assume children and count soccer players who swim
大提示:
求 个不游泳者中有多少人踢足球。
Find how many of the non-swimmers play soccer
解答:
假设有 个孩子: 人踢足球,其中 ,也就是 人,同时游泳。所以 名足球队员不游泳。
共有 名游泳者和 名不游泳者,因此不游泳者中踢足球的比例为
所以正确答案是 D。
Take children: play soccer, and of them, or also swim. So soccer players do not swim.
There are swimmers and non-swimmers, so the fraction of non-swimmers who play soccer is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
19.
圆 的半径为 。圆 的半径 是整数,并且在圆 内部相切地沿圆 的圆周滚动一圈。圆 旅程开始和结束时,两圆有相同的切点。 可能有多少个值?
Circle has radius Circle has an integer radius and remains internally tangent to circle as it rolls once around the circumference of circle The two circles have the same points of tangency at the beginning and end of circle ’s trip. How many possible values can have?
小提示:
用圆 的周长除以圆 的周长,得到滚动圈数。
Divide the circumference of circle by the circumference of circle to count the rolls
大提示:
这个数是 ,必须是大于 的整数。
That number is which must be an integer greater than
解答:
两个圆的周长分别为 和 ,所以初始切点在 圈后回到原处。
为使它是大于 的整数, 必须是小于 的 的因数:,和 ,共有 个值。
所以正确答案是 B。
The circumferences are and so the initial point of tangency returns after rolls.
For this to be an integer greater than must be a divisor of less than namely and That is values.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
20.
Andrea 和 Lauren 相距 千米。她们骑自行车相向而行,其中 Andrea 的速度是 Lauren 的三倍,两人之间的距离以每分钟 千米的速度缩短。 分钟后,Andrea 因爆胎停止骑行并等待 Lauren。从她们开始骑车算起,Lauren 过多少分钟到达 Andrea 所在位置?
Andrea and Lauren are kilometers apart. They bike toward one another with Andrea traveling three times as fast as Lauren, and the distance between them decreasing at a rate of kilometer per minute. After minutes, Andrea stops biking because of a flat tire and waits for Lauren. After how many minutes from the time they started to bike does Lauren reach Andrea?
小提示:
设 Lauren 的速度为 ,则 千米/分钟。
Let Lauren’s rate be then kilometer per minute
大提示:
求 分钟后剩余距离,再求 Lauren 独自走完它所需时间。
Find the distance left after minutes, then the time for Lauren to cover it alone
解答:
设 Lauren 的速度为 千米/分钟。则 ,所以 。
前 分钟间距缩短 千米,还剩 千米。Lauren 独自以 千米/分钟走完,需 分钟。
总时间为 分钟。
所以正确答案是 D。
Let Lauren’s rate be km/min. Then so
In the first minutes the gap shrinks by km, leaving km. Lauren covers this alone at km/min, taking minutes.
The total time is minutes.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
21.
许多哥特式大教堂的窗户中,有一些部分含有一圈全等小圆,并由一个大圆外接。在图中,小圆的数量为四个。四个小圆的面积之和与大圆面积的比是多少?
Many Gothic cathedrals have windows with portions containing a ring of congruent circles that are circumscribed by a larger circle. In the figure shown, the number of smaller circles is four. What is the ratio of the sum of the areas of the four smaller circles to the area of the larger circle?
小提示:
设每个小圆半径为 ;它们的圆心构成边长为 的正方形。
Let each small circle have radius their centers form a square of side
大提示:
大圆的直径等于该正方形的对角线加上两个小圆半径。
The large circle’s diameter is the square’s diagonal plus two small radii
解答:
设每个小圆半径为 。它们的圆心构成边长为 的正方形,该正方形对角线为 。
大圆的直径为 ,所以半径为 。
所求比值为
所以正确答案是 C。
Let each small circle have radius Their centers form a square of side whose diagonal is
The large circle’s diameter is so its radius is
The desired ratio is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
22.
两个立方体骰子各有可拆卸的数字 到 。把两个骰子上的十二个数字拆下放入袋中,然后一次抽出一个,随机重新贴到两个立方体的面上,每面贴一个数字。随后掷这两个骰子,并把两个顶面上的数字相加。和为 的概率是多少?
Two cubical dice each have removable numbers through The twelve numbers on the two dice are removed, put into a bag, then drawn one at a time and randomly reattached to the faces of the cubes, one number to each face. The dice are then rolled and the numbers on the two top faces are added. What is the probability that the sum is
小提示:
整个过程等价于随机选出十二张数字牌中的两张并相加。
The whole process is equivalent to picking two of the twelve tiles at random and adding them
大提示:
如果第一张显示 ,数一数剩余 张中有多少张等于 。
After the first tile shows count how many of the remaining tiles equal
解答:
随机贴数字再掷骰子,等价于从这十二个数字中随机选两个并相加。
假设第一个顶面显示 。若和为 ,第二个必须是 ;符合要求的牌恰有 张,都等于 ,而此时总共剩余 张牌。
所以概率为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Randomly attaching the tiles and then rolling is equivalent to choosing two of the twelve numbers at random and adding them.
Suppose the first top face shows For a sum of the second must be and there are exactly tiles equal to among the remaining
So the probability is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
23.
凸四边形 满足 、。对角线 和 交于 ,,并且 与 面积相等。 是多少?
Convex quadrilateral has and Diagonals and intersect at and and have equal areas. What is
小提示:
在两个等面积三角形上都加上 ,可得 和 面积相等。
Adding to each equal-area triangle shows and have equal areas
大提示:
以共同底边 的面积相等,迫使 ,从而 。
Equal areas over the shared base force making
解答:
因为 ,两边都加上 ,得到 。它们共用底边 ,所以 和 到直线 的距离相同,即 。
于是 ,相似比为 ,所以 。
又 ,得到 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Since adding to both gives These share base so and are equidistant from line meaning
Then with ratio so
With we get
Thus, the correct answer is E.
24.
从一个立方体的顶点中随机选择三个不同顶点。由这三个顶点确定的平面包含立方体内部点的概率是多少?
Three distinct vertices of a cube are chosen at random. What is the probability that the plane determined by these three vertices contains points inside the cube?
小提示:
该平面避开内部,恰好发生在三个顶点都位于同一个面上时。
The plane avoids the interior exactly when all three vertices lie on one face
大提示:
计算同一面上的三顶点组合数,再从总数 中减去。
Count the same-face triples and subtract from the total
解答:
三个顶点确定的平面会穿过内部,除非这三个顶点都在同一个面上。
个面中每个面给出 组三顶点,所以同一面上的共有 组;总数为 。
穿过内部的概率为
所以正确答案是 C。
Three vertices determine a plane that cuts through the interior unless all three lie on a single face.
Each of the faces gives triples, so triples lie on a face out of total.
The probability of hitting the interior is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
25.
对 ,令 ,其中 和 之间有 个零。设 为 的质因数分解中因数 的个数。 的最大值是多少?
For let where there are zeros between the and the Let be the number of factors of in the prime factorization of What is the maximum value of
小提示:
先写成 ,再分解为 。
Write , then factor as
大提示:
比较两项中 的幂;相等情形 需要分解 。
Compare the powers of in the two terms; the tie case needs factoring
解答:
写成
如果 ,第一项含有少于 个因数 ,所以 。
如果 ,第一项至少含有 个因数 ,而第二项恰好含有 个,所以它们的和恰好含有 个这样的因数,即 。
如果 ,则 。因为 ,它恰好多贡献一个因数 ,所以 。
最大值为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Write
If the first term has fewer than factors of so
If the first term has at least factors of while the second has exactly so their sum has exactly
If then Since it contributes exactly one more factor of Thus
The maximum value is
Thus, the correct answer is B.