2009 AMC 10A 真题

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1.

一罐汽水有 1212 盎司。要提供一加仑(128128 盎司)汽水,至少需要多少罐?

One can holds 1212 ounces of soda. What is the minimum number of cans needed to provide a gallon (128128 ounces) of soda?

77

88

99

1010

1111

答案:E
知识点:整除性估算
难度评级:560
小提示:

128128 除以 1212

Divide 128128 by 1212

大提示:

最后一罐即使没有装满,也仍然算作一整罐。

A partly filled last can still counts as a whole can

解答:

因为 12812=1023\dfrac{128}{12} = 10\dfrac{2}{3},十罐只能装 120120 盎司,不够。

因此需要 1111 罐。

所以正确答案是 E

Since 12812=1023,\dfrac{128}{12} = 10\dfrac{2}{3}, ten cans hold only 120120 ounces, which is not enough.

Therefore 1111 cans are needed.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

2.

从一个储钱罐中取出四枚硬币。储钱罐里有一分币、五分币、一角币和二十五分币。以下哪一个数值不可能是这四枚硬币的总价值,单位为美分?

Four coins are picked out of a piggy bank that contains a collection of pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters. Which of the following could not be the total value of the four coins, in cents?

1515

2525

3535

4545

5555

答案:A
难度评级:940
小提示:

若总值是 55 的倍数,则一分币的数量也必须是 55 的倍数。

A total that is a multiple of 55 forces the number of pennies to be a multiple of 55

大提示:

如果没有一分币,四枚硬币至少值 45=204 \cdot 5 = 20 美分。

With no pennies, four coins are worth at least 45=204 \cdot 5 = 20 cents

解答:

要得到 55 的倍数美分,一分币的数量必须是 55 的倍数。只有四枚硬币时,这意味着不能有一分币;但此时每枚硬币至少值 55 美分,总值至少为 2020 美分。

所以 1515 美分无法得到。其他金额都可以组成:25=10+3(5)25 = 10 + 3(5)35=3(10)+535 = 3(10) + 545=25+10+2(5)45 = 25 + 10 + 2(5),以及 55=25+3(10)55 = 25 + 3(10)

所以正确答案是 A

To get a multiple of 55 cents, the number of pennies must be a multiple of 5.5. With only four coins, that means using no pennies, but then the four coins are each worth at least 55 cents, for a total of at least 2020 cents.

So 1515 cents cannot be made. The others can: 25=10+3(5),25 = 10 + 3(5), 35=3(10)+5,35 = 3(10) + 5, 45=25+10+2(5),45 = 25 + 10 + 2(5), and 55=25+3(10).55 = 25 + 3(10).

Thus, the correct answer is A.

3.

下列哪一项等于

1+11+11+11 + \cfrac{1}{1 + \cfrac{1}{1 + 1}}\text{?}

Which of the following is equal to

1+11+11+1?1 + \cfrac{1}{1 + \cfrac{1}{1 + 1}}?

54\dfrac{5}{4}

32\dfrac{3}{2}

53\dfrac{5}{3}

22

33

答案:C
知识点:连分数分数
难度评级:870
小提示:

从最里面的分数向外化简。

Simplify from the innermost fraction outward

大提示:

内层表达式 1+11+11 + \dfrac{1}{1+1} 等于 32\dfrac{3}{2}

The inner expression 1+11+11 + \dfrac{1}{1+1} equals 32\dfrac{3}{2}

解答:

从内向外计算,1+11+11+1=1+11+12=1+132=1+23=53 \begin{aligned} &1 + \cfrac{1}{1 + \cfrac{1}{1 + 1}} \\ &= 1 + \cfrac{1}{1 + \dfrac{1}{2}} \\ &= 1 + \dfrac{1}{\frac{3}{2}} \\ &= 1 + \dfrac{2}{3} = \dfrac{5}{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

Working outward, 1+11+11+1=1+11+12=1+132=1+23=53. \begin{aligned} &1 + \cfrac{1}{1 + \cfrac{1}{1 + 1}} \\ &= 1 + \cfrac{1}{1 + \dfrac{1}{2}} \\ &= 1 + \dfrac{1}{\frac{3}{2}} \\ &= 1 + \dfrac{2}{3} = \dfrac{5}{3}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

4.

Eric 计划参加铁人三项。他在 14\tfrac14 英里的游泳中平均速度为每小时 22 英里,在 33 英里的跑步中平均速度为每小时 66 英里。他的目标是在 22 小时内完成比赛。为了达到目标,他在 1515 英里自行车赛段的平均速度必须是多少英里每小时?

Eric plans to compete in a triathlon. He can average 22 miles per hour in the 14\tfrac14-mile swim and 66 miles per hour in the 33-mile run. His goal is to finish the triathlon in 22 hours. To accomplish his goal what must his average speed, in miles per hour, be for the 1515-mile bicycle ride?

12011\dfrac{120}{11}

1111

565\dfrac{56}{5}

454\dfrac{45}{4}

1212

答案:A
难度评级:1030
小提示:

先求游泳和跑步用掉的时间,再从 22 小时中减去。

Find the time used by the swim and the run, then subtract from 22 hours

大提示:

速度等于 1515 英里除以剩余时间。

Speed equals 1515 miles divided by the leftover time

解答:

游泳用时 142=18\dfrac{\frac{1}{4}}{2} = \dfrac18 小时,跑步用时 36=12\dfrac{3}{6} = \dfrac12 小时。这给自行车赛段留下 21812=1182 - \dfrac18 - \dfrac12 = \dfrac{11}{8} 小时。

所需平均速度为 15118=12011\dfrac{15}{\frac{11}{8}} = \dfrac{120}{11} 英里/小时。

所以正确答案是 A

The swim takes 142=18\dfrac{\frac{1}{4}}{2} = \dfrac18 hour and the run takes 36=12\dfrac{3}{6} = \dfrac12 hour. This leaves 21812=1182 - \dfrac18 - \dfrac12 = \dfrac{11}{8} hours for the bicycle ride.

His average speed must be 15118=12011\dfrac{15}{\frac{11}{8}} = \dfrac{120}{11} miles per hour.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

5.

111,111,111111{,}111{,}111 的平方的各位数字之和是多少?

What is the sum of the digits of the square of 111,111,111?111{,}111{,}111?

1818

2727

4545

6363

8181

答案:E
难度评级:1070
小提示:

先试着平方位数较少、各位都是一的数,如 111111111111111111,观察规律。

Try squaring the shorter repunits 11,11, 111,111, 11111111 to spot a pattern

大提示:

这个各位都是一的九位数的平方是 1234567898765432112345678987654321

The square of the nine-digit repunit is 1234567898765432112345678987654321

解答:

这个各位都是一的九位数的平方是回文数 111,111,1112=12,345,678,987,654,321 \begin{aligned} &111{,}111{,}111^2 \\ &= 12{,}345{,}678{,}987{,}654{,}321 \end{aligned}\text{。}

它的各位数字依次为 1,2,,9,8,,11, 2, \ldots, 9, 8, \ldots, 1,所以数字和为 2(1+2++8)+9=236+9=81 \begin{aligned} &2(1 + 2 + \cdots + 8) + 9 \\ &= 2 \cdot 36 + 9 = 81 \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

The square of the nine-digit repunit is the palindrome 111,111,1112=12,345,678,987,654,321. \begin{aligned} &111{,}111{,}111^2 \\ &= 12{,}345{,}678{,}987{,}654{,}321. \end{aligned}

Its digits are 1,2,,9,8,,1,1, 2, \ldots, 9, 8, \ldots, 1, so the sum is 2(1+2++8)+9=236+9=81. \begin{aligned} &2(1 + 2 + \cdots + 8) + 9 \\ &= 2 \cdot 36 + 9 = 81. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

6.

如图所示,一个半径为 22 的圆内切于一个半圆。半圆内但圆外的部分被涂阴影。阴影部分占半圆面积的几分之几?

A circle of radius 22 is inscribed in a semicircle, as shown. The area inside the semicircle but outside the circle is shaded. What fraction of the semicircle’s area is shaded?

12\dfrac{1}{2}

π6\dfrac{\pi}{6}

2π\dfrac{2}{\pi}

23\dfrac{2}{3}

3π\dfrac{3}{\pi}

答案:A
知识点:圆面积相切圆
难度评级:1020
小提示:

小圆放在直径上并与弧相切,所以半圆的半径为 44

The circle sits on the diameter and touches the arc, so the semicircle has radius 44

大提示:

比较小圆面积与半圆面积。

Compare the circle’s area to the semicircle’s area

解答:

内切圆落在直径上并与半圆弧相切,所以半圆的半径是 44。半圆面积为 12π(4)2=8π\dfrac12 \pi (4)^2 = 8\pi\text{。}

小圆面积为 π(2)2=4π\pi(2)^2 = 4\pi,所以阴影面积为 8π4π=4π8\pi - 4\pi = 4\pi

阴影部分占半圆的比例为 4π8π=12\dfrac{4\pi}{8\pi} = \dfrac12

所以正确答案是 A

The inscribed circle rests on the diameter and is tangent to the arc, so the semicircle has radius 4.4. Its area is 12π(4)2=8π.\dfrac12 \pi (4)^2 = 8\pi.

The circle’s area is π(2)2=4π,\pi(2)^2 = 4\pi, so the shaded area is 8π4π=4π.8\pi - 4\pi = 4\pi.

The shaded fraction is 4π8π=12.\dfrac{4\pi}{8\pi} = \dfrac12.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

7.

一盒牛奶含 2%2\% 脂肪,这比一盒全脂牛奶所含脂肪少 40%40\%。全脂牛奶的脂肪百分比是多少?

A carton contains milk that is 2%2\% fat, an amount that is 40%40\% less fat than the amount contained in a carton of whole milk. What is the percentage of fat in whole milk?

125\dfrac{12}{5}

33

103\dfrac{10}{3}

3838

4242

答案:C
难度评级:960
小提示:

xx40%40\% 意味着是 xx60%60\%

40%40\% less than xx means 60%60\% of xx

大提示:

解方程 0.6x=20.6x = 2

Solve 0.6x=20.6x = 2

解答:

设全脂牛奶含脂肪 x%x\%。因为 22xx40%40\%,所以 0.6x=20.6x = 2\text{,}从而 x=20.6=103x = \dfrac{2}{0.6} = \dfrac{10}{3}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

Let whole milk be x%x\% fat. Since 22 is 40%40\% less than x,x, we have 0.6x=2,0.6x = 2, so x=20.6=103.x = \dfrac{2}{0.6} = \dfrac{10}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

8.

Wen 家三代人去看电影,每一代有两人。最年轻一代的两人作为儿童享受 50%50\% 折扣。最年长一代的两人作为老人享受 25%25\% 折扣。中间一代的两人没有折扣。Wen 祖父的一张老人票价为 $6.00\$6.00,他要为所有人付钱。他一共要付多少美元?

Three generations of the Wen family are going to the movies, two from each generation. The two members of the youngest generation receive a 50%50\% discount as children. The two members of the oldest generation receive a 25%25\% discount as senior citizens. The two members of the middle generation receive no discount. Grandfather Wen, whose senior ticket costs $6.00,\$6.00, is paying for everyone. How many dollars must he pay?

3434

3636

4242

4646

4848

答案:B
知识点:百分数逆推法
难度评级:1060
小提示:

老人票是全价的 75%75\%,所以先求全价。

A senior ticket is 75%75\% of the full price, so find the full price first

大提示:

加上两张老人票、两张全价票和两张儿童票。

Add two senior, two full, and two child tickets

解答:

老人票价为 $6\$6,这是全价的 34\dfrac34,所以全价票为 436=$8\dfrac43 \cdot 6 = \$8,儿童票为 128=$4\dfrac12 \cdot 8 = \$4

总价为 2(6+8+4)=$362(6 + 8 + 4) = \$36\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

The senior ticket costs $6,\$6, which is 34\dfrac34 of the full price, so a full ticket costs 436=$8,\dfrac43 \cdot 6 = \$8, and a child ticket costs 128=$4.\dfrac12 \cdot 8 = \$4.

The total is 2(6+8+4)=$36.2(6 + 8 + 4) = \$36.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

9.

正整数 aabb20092009 满足 a<b<2009a \lt b \lt 2009,并且按这个顺序组成一个公比为整数的等比数列。求 aa 的值。

Positive integers a,a, b,b, and 2009,2009, with a<b<2009,a \lt b \lt 2009, form a geometric sequence with an integer ratio. What is a?a?

77

4141

4949

287287

20092009

答案:B
难度评级:1240
小提示:

如果公比为 rr,则 ar2=2009a r^2 = 2009

If the ratio is r,r, then ar2=2009a r^2 = 2009

大提示:

分解 2009=72412009 = 7^2 \cdot 41,找出唯一大于 11 的整数公比。

Factor 2009=72412009 = 7^2 \cdot 41 to find the only integer ratio greater than 11

解答:

设公比为 rr。则 ar2=2009=7241a r^2 = 2009 = 7^2 \cdot 41

因为 rr 必须是大于 11 的整数,唯一可能是 r=7r = 7,从而 a=41a = 41,数列为 41,287,200941, 287, 2009

所以正确答案是 B

Let the common ratio be r.r. Then ar2=2009=7241.a r^2 = 2009 = 7^2 \cdot 41.

Since rr must be an integer greater than 1,1, the only possibility is r=7,r = 7, giving a=41a = 41 and the sequence 41,287,2009.41, 287, 2009.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

10.

三角形 ABCABCBB 处为直角。点 DD 是从 BB 向斜边作高的垂足,且 AD=3AD = 3DC=4DC = 4ABC\triangle ABC 的面积是多少?

Triangle ABCABC has a right angle at B.B. Point DD is the foot of the altitude from B,B, AD=3,AD = 3, and DC=4.DC = 4. What is the area of ABC?\triangle ABC?

434\sqrt{3}

737\sqrt{3}

2121

14314\sqrt{3}

4242

答案:B
难度评级:1240
小提示:

直角顶点到斜边的高满足 BD2=ADDCBD^2 = AD \cdot DC

The altitude to the hypotenuse satisfies BD2=ADDCBD^2 = AD \cdot DC

大提示:

斜边长为 AC=AD+DC=7AC = AD + DC = 7

The hypotenuse is AC=AD+DC=7AC = AD + DC = 7

解答:

对直角三角形中从直角顶点到斜边的高,有 BD2=ADDC=34=12BD^2 = AD \cdot DC = 3 \cdot 4 = 12\text{,}所以 BD=23BD = 2\sqrt{3}

斜边满足 AC=3+4=7AC = 3 + 4 = 7,所以面积为 12723=73\dfrac12 \cdot 7 \cdot 2\sqrt3 = 7\sqrt3\text{。}

所以正确答案是 B

For the altitude from the right angle to the hypotenuse, BD2=ADDC=34=12,BD^2 = AD \cdot DC = 3 \cdot 4 = 12, so BD=23.BD = 2\sqrt{3}.

The hypotenuse is AC=3+4=7,AC = 3 + 4 = 7, so the area is 12723=73.\dfrac12 \cdot 7 \cdot 2\sqrt3 = 7\sqrt3.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

11.

一个立方体的一条边增加 11,另一条边减少 11,第三条边不变。新的长方体体积比原立方体体积少 55。原立方体的体积是多少?

One dimension of a cube is increased by 1,1, another is decreased by 1,1, and the third is left unchanged. The volume of the new rectangular solid is 55 less than that of the cube. What was the volume of the cube?

88

2727

6464

125125

216216

答案:D
难度评级:1100
小提示:

设立方体边长为 xx,把新体积写成 x(x+1)(x1)x(x+1)(x-1)

Let the cube have side xx and write the new volume as x(x+1)(x1)x(x+1)(x-1)

大提示:

注意 x(x+1)(x1)=x3xx(x+1)(x-1) = x^3 - x

Note that x(x+1)(x1)=x3xx(x+1)(x-1) = x^3 - x

解答:

设立方体边长为 xx。新长方体的体积为 x(x+1)(x1)=x3xx(x+1)(x-1) = x^3 - x\text{。}

新长方体的体积为 x35x^3 - 5,所以 x3x=x35x^3 - x = x^3 - 5,得到 x=5x = 5

原立方体体积为 53=1255^3 = 125

所以正确答案是 D

Let the cube have side length x.x. The new solid has volume x(x+1)(x1)=x3x.x(x+1)(x-1) = x^3 - x.

Setting this equal to x35x^3 - 5 gives x3x=x35,x^3 - x = x^3 - 5, so x=5.x = 5.

The cube’s volume is 53=125.5^3 = 125.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

12.

在四边形 ABCDABCD 中,AB=5AB = 5BC=17BC = 17CD=5CD = 5DA=9DA = 9,且 BDBD 是整数。BDBD 是多少?

In quadrilateral ABCD,ABCD, AB=5,AB = 5, BC=17,BC = 17, CD=5,CD = 5, DA=9,DA = 9, and BDBD is an integer. What is BD?BD?

1111

1212

1313

1414

1515

答案:C
难度评级:1220
小提示:

分别对 BCD\triangle BCDABD\triangle ABD 使用三角形不等式。

Apply the triangle inequality to BCD\triangle BCD and ABD\triangle ABD separately

大提示:

对角线 BDBD 必须满足 12<BD<1412 \lt BD \lt 14

The diagonal BDBD must satisfy 12<BD<1412 \lt BD \lt 14

解答:

BCD\triangle BCD 中,三角形不等式给出 5+BD>175 + BD \gt 17,所以 BD>12BD \gt 12

ABD\triangle ABD 中,三角形不等式给出 5+9>BD5 + 9 \gt BD,所以 BD<14BD \lt 14

唯一满足 12<BD<1412 \lt BD \lt 14 的整数是 BD=13BD = 13

所以正确答案是 C

In BCD,\triangle BCD, the triangle inequality gives 5+BD>17,5 + BD \gt 17, so BD>12.BD \gt 12.

In ABD,\triangle ABD, it gives 5+9>BD,5 + 9 \gt BD, so BD<14.BD \lt 14.

The only integer with 12<BD<1412 \lt BD \lt 14 is BD=13.BD = 13.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

13.

P=2mP = 2^mQ=3nQ = 3^n。下列哪一项对任意整数对 (m,n)(m, n) 都等于 12mn12^{mn}

Suppose that P=2mP = 2^m and Q=3n.Q = 3^n. Which of the following is equal to 12mn12^{mn} for every pair of integers (m,n)?(m, n)?

P2QP^2 Q

PnQmP^n Q^m

PnQ2mP^n Q^{2m}

P2mQnP^{2m} Q^n

P2nQmP^{2n} Q^m

答案:E
难度评级:1280
小提示:

写出 12=22312 = 2^2 \cdot 3,再取 mnmn 次方。

Write 12=22312 = 2^2 \cdot 3 and raise it to the power mnmn

大提示:

P=2mP = 2^mQ=3nQ = 3^n 重新组合 22mn3mn2^{2mn} \cdot 3^{mn}

Regroup 22mn3mn2^{2mn} \cdot 3^{mn} using P=2mP = 2^m and Q=3nQ = 3^n

解答:

因为 12=22312 = 2^2 \cdot 312mn=22mn3mn=(2m)2n(3n)m=P2nQm \begin{aligned} 12^{mn} &= 2^{2mn} \cdot 3^{mn} \\ &= (2^m)^{2n} \cdot (3^n)^m \\ &= P^{2n} Q^m \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

Since 12=223,12 = 2^2 \cdot 3, 12mn=22mn3mn=(2m)2n(3n)m=P2nQm. \begin{aligned} 12^{mn} &= 2^{2mn} \cdot 3^{mn} \\ &= (2^m)^{2n} \cdot (3^n)^m \\ &= P^{2n} Q^m. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is E.

14.

四个全等的长方形如图摆放。外部正方形的面积是内部正方形面积的 44 倍。每个长方形长边与短边的比是多少?

Four congruent rectangles are placed as shown. The area of the outer square is 44 times that of the inner square. What is the ratio of the length of the longer side of each rectangle to the length of its shorter side?

33

10\sqrt{10}

2+22 + \sqrt{2}

232\sqrt{3}

44

答案:A
难度评级:1340
小提示:

设长方形短边为 xx、长边为 yy,并表示两个正方形的边长。

Let the rectangle have shorter side xx and longer side y,y, and express the two square sides

大提示:

外部正方形边长为 y+xy + x,内部正方形边长为 yxy - x,边长比为 4=2\sqrt{4} = 2

The outer square has side y+xy + x and the inner square has side yx,y - x, with ratio 4=2\sqrt{4} = 2

解答:

设每个长方形短边为 xx、长边为 yy。外部正方形边长为 y+xy + x,内部正方形边长为 yxy - x

因为面积比为 44,所以边长比为 22,于是 y+x=2(yx)y + x = 2(y - x)\text{,}得到 y=3xy = 3x

长边与短边的比为 yx=3\dfrac{y}{x} = 3

所以正确答案是 A

Let each rectangle have shorter side xx and longer side y.y. The outer square has side length y+xy + x and the inner square has side length yx.y - x.

Since the area ratio is 4,4, the side ratio is 2,2, so y+x=2(yx),y + x = 2(y - x), which gives y=3x.y = 3x.

The ratio of longer to shorter side is yx=3.\dfrac{y}{x} = 3.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

15.

图中的 F1F_1F2F_2F3F_3F4F_4 是一个图形序列的前几项。当 n3n \ge 3 时,FnF_nFn1F_{n-1} 构造而成:在它外面围上一个正方形,并且新正方形每条边上的菱形数量比 Fn1F_{n-1} 外部正方形每条边上的菱形数量多一个。例如,图形 F3F_31313 个菱形。图形 F20F_{20} 中有多少个菱形?

The figures F1,F_1, F2,F_2, F3,F_3, and F4F_4 shown are the first in a sequence of figures. For n3,n \ge 3, FnF_n is constructed from Fn1F_{n-1} by surrounding it with a square and placing one more diamond on each side of the new square than Fn1F_{n-1} had on each side of its outside square. For example, figure F3F_3 has 1313 diamonds. How many diamonds are there in figure F20?F_{20}?

401401

485485

585585

626626

761761

答案:E
难度评级:1400
小提示:

FnF_n 的外部正方形新增 4(n1)4(n-1) 个菱形。

The outside square of FnF_n contributes 4(n1)4(n-1) new diamonds

大提示:

总数为 11 加上 4(1+2++(n1))4\big(1 + 2 + \cdots + (n-1)\big)

The total is 11 plus 4(1+2++(n1))4\big(1 + 2 + \cdots + (n-1)\big)

解答:

Fn1F_{n-1}FnF_n,新的外部正方形带来 4(n1)4(n-1) 个菱形。从 F1F_1 的单个菱形开始,Fn=1+4(1+2++(n1))=1+4(n1)n2=1+2n(n1) \begin{aligned} F_n &= 1 \\ &\quad {}+ 4\big(1 + 2 + \cdots + (n-1)\big) \\ &= 1 + 4 \cdot \dfrac{(n-1)n}{2} \\ &= 1 + 2n(n-1) \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此 F20=1+22019=761F_{20} = 1 + 2 \cdot 20 \cdot 19 = 761\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

Going from Fn1F_{n-1} to Fn,F_n, the new outside square carries 4(n1)4(n-1) diamonds. Starting from the single diamond of F1,F_1, Fn=1+4(1+2++(n1))=1+4(n1)n2=1+2n(n1). \begin{aligned} F_n &= 1 \\ &\quad {}+ 4\big(1 + 2 + \cdots + (n-1)\big) \\ &= 1 + 4 \cdot \dfrac{(n-1)n}{2} \\ &= 1 + 2n(n-1). \end{aligned}

Therefore F20=1+22019=761.F_{20} = 1 + 2 \cdot 20 \cdot 19 = 761.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

16.

aabbccdd 为实数,且 ab=2|a - b| = 2bc=3|b - c| = 3cd=4|c - d| = 4ad|a - d| 所有可能值的和是多少?

Let a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd be real numbers with ab=2,|a - b| = 2, bc=3,|b - c| = 3, and cd=4.|c - d| = 4. What is the sum of all possible values of ad?|a - d|?

99

1212

1515

1818

2424

答案:D
难度评级:1400
小提示:

写成 ada - d =(ab)+(bc)+(cd)= (a - b) + (b - c) + (c - d) =±2±3±4= \pm 2 \pm 3 \pm 4

Write ada - d =(ab)+(bc)+(cd)= (a - b) + (b - c) + (c - d) =±2±3±4= \pm 2 \pm 3 \pm 4

大提示:

列出 ±2±3±4|\pm 2 \pm 3 \pm 4| 的不同值。

List the distinct values of ±2±3±4|\pm 2 \pm 3 \pm 4|

解答:

因为 ada - d =(ab)+(bc)+(cd)= (a-b) + (b-c) + (c-d) =±2±3±4= \pm 2 \pm 3 \pm 4,所以可能的绝对值为 2+3+4=9,2+34=1,23+4=3,2+3+4=5 \begin{aligned} 2+3+4 &= 9, \\ 2+3-4 &= 1, \\ 2-3+4 &= 3, \\ -2+3+4 &= 5 \end{aligned}\text{。}

它们的和为 9+1+3+5=189 + 1 + 3 + 5 = 18

所以正确答案是 D

Since ada - d =(ab)+(bc)+(cd)= (a-b) + (b-c) + (c-d) =±2±3±4,= \pm 2 \pm 3 \pm 4, the possible absolute values are 2+3+4=9,2+34=1,23+4=3,2+3+4=5. \begin{aligned} 2+3+4 &= 9, \\ 2+3-4 &= 1, \\ 2-3+4 &= 3, \\ -2+3+4 &= 5. \end{aligned}

Their sum is 9+1+3+5=18.9 + 1 + 3 + 5 = 18.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

17.

长方形 ABCDABCD 中,AB=4AB = 4BC=3BC = 3。过 BB 作线段 EFEF,使得 EFDBEF \perp DB,并且 AACC 分别在 DEDEDFDF 上。EFEF 是多少?

Rectangle ABCDABCD has AB=4AB = 4 and BC=3.BC = 3. Segment EFEF is constructed through BB so that EFDB,EF \perp DB, and AA and CC lie on DEDE and DF,DF, respectively. What is EF?EF?

99

1010

12512\dfrac{125}{12}

1039\dfrac{103}{9}

1212

答案:C
难度评级:1580
小提示:

先求 DB=42+32DB = \sqrt{4^2 + 3^2}

First find DB=42+32DB = \sqrt{4^2 + 3^2}

大提示:

三角形 EBAEBABFCBFC 都与 DBA\triangle DBA 相似,所以可用比例求 EBEBBFBF

Triangles EBAEBA and BFCBFC are each similar to DBA,\triangle DBA, so find EBEB and BFBF from ratios

解答:

对角线 DB=42+32=5DB = \sqrt{4^2 + 3^2} = 5

直角三角形 EBAEBADBCDBCBFCBFC 都与 DBA\triangle DBA 相似。由 EBA\triangle EBAEBAB=DBBC    EB4=53    EB=203 \begin{aligned} \dfrac{EB}{AB} &= \dfrac{DB}{BC} \\ &\implies \dfrac{EB}{4} = \dfrac{5}{3} \\ &\implies EB = \dfrac{20}{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}

BFC\triangle BFCBFBC=DBAB    BF3=54    BF=154 \begin{aligned} \dfrac{BF}{BC} &= \dfrac{DB}{AB} \\ &\implies \dfrac{BF}{3} = \dfrac{5}{4} \\ &\implies BF = \dfrac{15}{4} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此 EF=EB+BF=203+154=12512 \begin{aligned} EF &= EB + BF \\ &= \dfrac{20}{3} + \dfrac{15}{4} \\ &= \dfrac{125}{12} \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

The diagonal is DB=42+32=5.DB = \sqrt{4^2 + 3^2} = 5.

Right triangles EBA,EBA, DBC,DBC, and BFCBFC are all similar to DBA.\triangle DBA. From EBA,\triangle EBA, EBAB=DBBC    EB4=53    EB=203. \begin{aligned} \dfrac{EB}{AB} &= \dfrac{DB}{BC} \\ &\implies \dfrac{EB}{4} = \dfrac{5}{3} \\ &\implies EB = \dfrac{20}{3}. \end{aligned}

From BFC,\triangle BFC, BFBC=DBAB    BF3=54    BF=154. \begin{aligned} \dfrac{BF}{BC} &= \dfrac{DB}{AB} \\ &\implies \dfrac{BF}{3} = \dfrac{5}{4} \\ &\implies BF = \dfrac{15}{4}. \end{aligned}

Therefore EF=EB+BF=203+154=12512. \begin{aligned} EF &= EB + BF \\ &= \dfrac{20}{3} + \dfrac{15}{4} \\ &= \dfrac{125}{12}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

18.

在 Jefferson 夏令营,60%60\% 的孩子踢足球,30%30\% 的孩子游泳,并且 40%40\% 的足球队员游泳。四舍五入到最接近的整数百分比,不游泳的孩子中有百分之多少踢足球?

At Jefferson Summer Camp, 60%60\% of the children play soccer, 30%30\% of the children swim, and 40%40\% of the soccer players swim. To the nearest whole percent, what percent of the non-swimmers play soccer?

30%30\%

40%40\%

49%49\%

51%51\%

70%70\%

答案:D
难度评级:1460
小提示:

假设有 100100 个孩子,并计算踢足球且游泳的人数。

Assume 100100 children and count soccer players who swim

大提示:

7070 个不游泳者中有多少人踢足球。

Find how many of the 7070 non-swimmers play soccer

解答:

假设有 100100 个孩子:6060 人踢足球,其中 40%40\%,也就是 2424 人,同时游泳。所以 6024=3660 - 24 = 36 名足球队员不游泳。

共有 3030 名游泳者和 7070 名不游泳者,因此不游泳者中踢足球的比例为 36700.51451%\dfrac{36}{70} \approx 0.514 \approx 51\%\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

Take 100100 children: 6060 play soccer, and 40%40\% of them, or 24,24, also swim. So 6024=3660 - 24 = 36 soccer players do not swim.

There are 3030 swimmers and 7070 non-swimmers, so the fraction of non-swimmers who play soccer is 36700.51451%.\dfrac{36}{70} \approx 0.514 \approx 51\%.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

19.

AA 的半径为 100100。圆 BB 的半径 r<100r \lt 100 是整数,并且在圆 AA 内部相切地沿圆 AA 的圆周滚动一圈。圆 BB 旅程开始和结束时,两圆有相同的切点。rr 可能有多少个值?

Circle AA has radius 100.100. Circle BB has an integer radius r<100r \lt 100 and remains internally tangent to circle AA as it rolls once around the circumference of circle A.A. The two circles have the same points of tangency at the beginning and end of circle BB’s trip. How many possible values can rr have?

44

88

99

5050

9090

答案:B
难度评级:1630
小提示:

用圆 AA 的周长除以圆 BB 的周长,得到滚动圈数。

Divide the circumference of circle AA by the circumference of circle BB to count the rolls

大提示:

这个数是 100r\dfrac{100}{r},必须是大于 11 的整数。

That number is 100r,\dfrac{100}{r}, which must be an integer greater than 11

解答:

两个圆的周长分别为 200π200\pi2πr2\pi r,所以初始切点在 200π2πr=100r\dfrac{200\pi}{2\pi r} = \dfrac{100}{r} 圈后回到原处。

为使它是大于 11 的整数,rr 必须是小于 100100100100 的因数:1,2,4,5,10,20,251, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25,和 5050,共有 88 个值。

所以正确答案是 B

The circumferences are 200π200\pi and 2πr,2\pi r, so the initial point of tangency returns after 200π2πr=100r\dfrac{200\pi}{2\pi r} = \dfrac{100}{r} rolls.

For this to be an integer greater than 1,1, rr must be a divisor of 100100 less than 100:100: namely 1,2,4,5,10,20,25,1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 25, and 50.50. That is 88 values.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

20.

Andrea 和 Lauren 相距 2020 千米。她们骑自行车相向而行,其中 Andrea 的速度是 Lauren 的三倍,两人之间的距离以每分钟 11 千米的速度缩短。55 分钟后,Andrea 因爆胎停止骑行并等待 Lauren。从她们开始骑车算起,Lauren 过多少分钟到达 Andrea 所在位置?

Andrea and Lauren are 2020 kilometers apart. They bike toward one another with Andrea traveling three times as fast as Lauren, and the distance between them decreasing at a rate of 11 kilometer per minute. After 55 minutes, Andrea stops biking because of a flat tire and waits for Lauren. After how many minutes from the time they started to bike does Lauren reach Andrea?

2020

3030

5555

6565

8080

答案:D
难度评级:1510
小提示:

设 Lauren 的速度为 rr,则 r+3r=1r + 3r = 1 千米/分钟。

Let Lauren’s rate be r;r; then r+3r=1r + 3r = 1 kilometer per minute

大提示:

55 分钟后剩余距离,再求 Lauren 独自走完它所需时间。

Find the distance left after 55 minutes, then the time for Lauren to cover it alone

解答:

设 Lauren 的速度为 rr 千米/分钟。则 r+3r=1r + 3r = 1,所以 r=14r = \dfrac14

55 分钟间距缩短 55 千米,还剩 1515 千米。Lauren 独自以 14\dfrac14 千米/分钟走完,需 1514=60\dfrac{15}{\frac{1}{4}} = 60 分钟。

总时间为 5+60=655 + 60 = 65 分钟。

所以正确答案是 D

Let Lauren’s rate be rr km/min. Then r+3r=1,r + 3r = 1, so r=14.r = \dfrac14.

In the first 55 minutes the gap shrinks by 55 km, leaving 1515 km. Lauren covers this alone at 14\dfrac14 km/min, taking 1514=60\dfrac{15}{\frac{1}{4}} = 60 minutes.

The total time is 5+60=655 + 60 = 65 minutes.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

21.

许多哥特式大教堂的窗户中,有一些部分含有一圈全等小圆,并由一个大圆外接。在图中,小圆的数量为四个。四个小圆的面积之和与大圆面积的比是多少?

Many Gothic cathedrals have windows with portions containing a ring of congruent circles that are circumscribed by a larger circle. In the figure shown, the number of smaller circles is four. What is the ratio of the sum of the areas of the four smaller circles to the area of the larger circle?

3223 - 2\sqrt{2}

222 - \sqrt{2}

4(322)4(3 - 2\sqrt{2})

12(32)\dfrac{1}{2}(3 - \sqrt{2})

2222\sqrt{2} - 2

答案:C
难度评级:1690
小提示:

设每个小圆半径为 11;它们的圆心构成边长为 22 的正方形。

Let each small circle have radius 1;1; their centers form a square of side 22

大提示:

大圆的直径等于该正方形的对角线加上两个小圆半径。

The large circle’s diameter is the square’s diagonal plus two small radii

解答:

设每个小圆半径为 11。它们的圆心构成边长为 22 的正方形,该正方形对角线为 222\sqrt2

大圆的直径为 2+222 + 2\sqrt2,所以半径为 1+21 + \sqrt2

所求比值为 4π(1)2π(1+2)2=43+22=4(322) \begin{aligned} \dfrac{4 \cdot \pi (1)^2}{\pi (1 + \sqrt2)^2} &= \dfrac{4}{3 + 2\sqrt2} \\ &= 4(3 - 2\sqrt2) \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

Let each small circle have radius 1.1. Their centers form a square of side 2,2, whose diagonal is 22.2\sqrt2.

The large circle’s diameter is 2+22,2 + 2\sqrt2, so its radius is 1+2.1 + \sqrt2.

The desired ratio is 4π(1)2π(1+2)2=43+22=4(322). \begin{aligned} \dfrac{4 \cdot \pi (1)^2}{\pi (1 + \sqrt2)^2} &= \dfrac{4}{3 + 2\sqrt2} \\ &= 4(3 - 2\sqrt2). \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

22.

两个立方体骰子各有可拆卸的数字 1166。把两个骰子上的十二个数字拆下放入袋中,然后一次抽出一个,随机重新贴到两个立方体的面上,每面贴一个数字。随后掷这两个骰子,并把两个顶面上的数字相加。和为 77 的概率是多少?

Two cubical dice each have removable numbers 11 through 6.6. The twelve numbers on the two dice are removed, put into a bag, then drawn one at a time and randomly reattached to the faces of the cubes, one number to each face. The dice are then rolled and the numbers on the two top faces are added. What is the probability that the sum is 7?7?

19\dfrac{1}{9}

18\dfrac{1}{8}

16\dfrac{1}{6}

211\dfrac{2}{11}

15\dfrac{1}{5}

答案:D
难度评级:1820
小提示:

整个过程等价于随机选出十二张数字牌中的两张并相加。

The whole process is equivalent to picking two of the twelve tiles at random and adding them

大提示:

如果第一张显示 NN,数一数剩余 1111 张中有多少张等于 7N7 - N

After the first tile shows N,N, count how many of the remaining 1111 tiles equal 7N7 - N

解答:

随机贴数字再掷骰子,等价于从这十二个数字中随机选两个并相加。

假设第一个顶面显示 NN。若和为 77,第二个必须是 7N7 - N;符合要求的牌恰有 22 张,都等于 7N7 - N,而此时总共剩余 1111 张牌。

所以概率为 211\dfrac{2}{11}

所以正确答案是 D

Randomly attaching the tiles and then rolling is equivalent to choosing two of the twelve numbers at random and adding them.

Suppose the first top face shows N.N. For a sum of 7,7, the second must be 7N,7 - N, and there are exactly 22 tiles equal to 7N7 - N among the remaining 11.11.

So the probability is 211.\dfrac{2}{11}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

23.

凸四边形 ABCDABCD 满足 AB=9AB = 9CD=12CD = 12。对角线 ACACBDBD 交于 EEAC=14AC = 14,并且 AED\triangle AEDBEC\triangle BEC 面积相等。AEAE 是多少?

Convex quadrilateral ABCDABCD has AB=9AB = 9 and CD=12.CD = 12. Diagonals ACAC and BDBD intersect at E,E, AC=14,AC = 14, and AED\triangle AED and BEC\triangle BEC have equal areas. What is AE?AE?

92\dfrac{9}{2}

5011\dfrac{50}{11}

214\dfrac{21}{4}

173\dfrac{17}{3}

66

答案:E
难度评级:1690
小提示:

在两个等面积三角形上都加上 CED\triangle CED,可得 ACD\triangle ACDBCD\triangle BCD 面积相等。

Adding CED\triangle CED to each equal-area triangle shows ACD\triangle ACD and BCD\triangle BCD have equal areas

大提示:

以共同底边 CDCD 的面积相等,迫使 ABCDAB \parallel CD,从而 ABECDE\triangle ABE \sim \triangle CDE

Equal areas over the shared base CDCD force ABCD,AB \parallel CD, making ABECDE\triangle ABE \sim \triangle CDE

解答:

因为 [AED]=[BEC][AED] = [BEC],两边都加上 [CED][CED],得到 [ACD]=[BCD][ACD] = [BCD]。它们共用底边 CDCD,所以 AABB 到直线 CDCD 的距离相同,即 ABCDAB \parallel CD

于是 ABECDE\triangle ABE \sim \triangle CDE,相似比为 ABCD=912=34\dfrac{AB}{CD} = \dfrac{9}{12} = \dfrac34,所以 AEEC=34\dfrac{AE}{EC} = \dfrac34

AE+EC=AC=14AE + EC = AC = 14,得到 AE=3714=6AE = \dfrac{3}{7} \cdot 14 = 6

所以正确答案是 E

Since [AED]=[BEC],[AED] = [BEC], adding [CED][CED] to both gives [ACD]=[BCD].[ACD] = [BCD]. These share base CD,CD, so AA and BB are equidistant from line CD,CD, meaning ABCD.AB \parallel CD.

Then ABECDE\triangle ABE \sim \triangle CDE with ratio ABCD=912=34,\dfrac{AB}{CD} = \dfrac{9}{12} = \dfrac34, so AEEC=34.\dfrac{AE}{EC} = \dfrac34.

With AE+EC=AC=14,AE + EC = AC = 14, we get AE=3714=6.AE = \dfrac{3}{7} \cdot 14 = 6.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

24.

从一个立方体的顶点中随机选择三个不同顶点。由这三个顶点确定的平面包含立方体内部点的概率是多少?

Three distinct vertices of a cube are chosen at random. What is the probability that the plane determined by these three vertices contains points inside the cube?

14\dfrac{1}{4}

38\dfrac{3}{8}

47\dfrac{4}{7}

57\dfrac{5}{7}

34\dfrac{3}{4}

答案:C
难度评级:1860
小提示:

该平面避开内部,恰好发生在三个顶点都位于同一个面上时。

The plane avoids the interior exactly when all three vertices lie on one face

大提示:

计算同一面上的三顶点组合数,再从总数 (83)\binom{8}{3} 中减去。

Count the same-face triples and subtract from the total (83)\binom{8}{3}

解答:

三个顶点确定的平面会穿过内部,除非这三个顶点都在同一个面上。

66 个面中每个面给出 (43)=4\binom{4}{3} = 4 组三顶点,所以同一面上的共有 64=246 \cdot 4 = 24 组;总数为 (83)=56\binom{8}{3} = 56

穿过内部的概率为 12456=471 - \dfrac{24}{56} = \dfrac{4}{7}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

Three vertices determine a plane that cuts through the interior unless all three lie on a single face.

Each of the 66 faces gives (43)=4\binom{4}{3} = 4 triples, so 64=246 \cdot 4 = 24 triples lie on a face out of (83)=56\binom{8}{3} = 56 total.

The probability of hitting the interior is 12456=47.1 - \dfrac{24}{56} = \dfrac{4}{7}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

25.

k>0k \gt 0,令 Ik=10064I_k = 10\ldots064,其中 1166 之间有 kk 个零。设 N(k)N(k)IkI_k 的质因数分解中因数 22 的个数。N(k)N(k) 的最大值是多少?

For k>0,k \gt 0, let Ik=10064,I_k = 10\ldots064, where there are kk zeros between the 11 and the 6.6. Let N(k)N(k) be the number of factors of 22 in the prime factorization of Ik.I_k. What is the maximum value of N(k)?N(k)?

66

77

88

99

1010

答案:B
难度评级:2160
小提示:

先写成 Ik=10k+2+64I_k = 10^{k+2} + 64,再分解为 2k+25k+2+262^{k+2} \cdot 5^{k+2} + 2^6

Write Ik=10k+2+64I_k = 10^{k+2} + 64, then factor as 2k+25k+2+262^{k+2} \cdot 5^{k+2} + 2^6

大提示:

比较两项中 22 的幂;相等情形 k=4k = 4 需要分解 56+15^6 + 1

Compare the powers of 22 in the two terms; the tie case k=4k = 4 needs factoring 56+15^6 + 1

解答:

写成 Ik=10k+2+64=2k+25k+2+26 \begin{aligned} I_k &= 10^{k+2} + 64 \\ &= 2^{k+2} \cdot 5^{k+2} + 2^6 \end{aligned}\text{。}

如果 k<4k \lt 4,第一项含有少于 66 个因数 22,所以 N(k)=k+2<6N(k) = k + 2 \lt 6

如果 k>4k \gt 4,第一项至少含有 77 个因数 22,而第二项恰好含有 66 个,所以它们的和恰好含有 66 个这样的因数,即 N(k)=6N(k) = 6

如果 k=4k = 4,则 I4=26(56+1)I_4 = 2^6(5^6 + 1)。因为 56+15^6 + 1 =(52+1)((52)252+1)= (5^2 + 1)\big((5^2)^2 - 5^2 + 1\big) =26601= 26 \cdot 601,它恰好多贡献一个因数 22,所以 N(4)=7N(4) = 7

最大值为 N(4)=7N(4) = 7

所以正确答案是 B

Write Ik=10k+2+64=2k+25k+2+26. \begin{aligned} I_k &= 10^{k+2} + 64 \\ &= 2^{k+2} \cdot 5^{k+2} + 2^6. \end{aligned}

If k<4,k \lt 4, the first term has fewer than 66 factors of 2,2, so N(k)=k+2<6.N(k) = k + 2 \lt 6.

If k>4,k \gt 4, the first term has at least 77 factors of 22 while the second has exactly 6,6, so their sum has exactly 6:6: N(k)=6.N(k) = 6.

If k=4,k = 4, then I4=26(56+1).I_4 = 2^6(5^6 + 1). Since 56+15^6 + 1 =(52+1)((52)252+1)= (5^2 + 1)\big((5^2)^2 - 5^2 + 1\big) =26601,= 26 \cdot 601, it contributes exactly one more factor of 2.2. Thus N(4)=7.N(4) = 7.

The maximum value is N(4)=7.N(4) = 7.

Thus, the correct answer is B.