2013 AMC 10B 第 20 题

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20.

20132013 被表示为 其中 且 都是正整数,并且 a1+b1a_1 + b_1 尽可能小。求 a1b1|a_1 - b_1|2013=a1!a2!am!b1!b2!bn!,2013 = \frac {a_1!a_2!\cdots a_m!}{b_1!b_2!\cdots b_n!}, a1a2ama_1 \ge a_2 \ge \cdots \ge a_m b1b2bnb_1 \ge b_2 \ge \cdots \ge b_n

The number 20132013 is expressed in the form 2013=a1!a2!am!b1!b2!bn!,2013 = \frac {a_1!a_2!\cdots a_m!}{b_1!b_2!\cdots b_n!}, where a1a2ama_1 \ge a_2 \ge \cdots \ge a_m and b1b2bnb_1 \ge b_2 \ge \cdots \ge b_n are positive integers and a1+b1a_1 + b_1 is as small as possible. What is a1b1?|a_1 - b_1|?

11

22

33

44

55

答案:B
知识点:阶乘质因数分解
难度评级:2060
解答:

2013=311612013=3\cdot11\cdot61,所以分子必须含因子 6161,从而 a161a_1\ge61

61!61! 还含有素因子 5959,而 20132013 中没有这个因子,所以分母必须含因子 5959,从而 b159b_1\ge59

因此 a1+b1120a_1+b_1\ge120。这个下界可以达到:2013=61!11!3!59!10!5!2013=\frac{61!\,11!\,3!}{59!\,10!\,5!}

所以 a1b1=6159=2|a_1-b_1|=61-59=2,正确答案是 B

The prime factorization is 2013=311612013=3\cdot11\cdot61, so the numerator must contain a factor of 6161. Hence a161a_1\ge61.

But 61!61! also contains the prime factor 5959, which is not in 20132013, so the denominator must contain a factor of 5959. Hence b159b_1\ge59.

The lower bound a1+b1120a_1+b_1\ge120 is attainable because 2013=61!11!3!59!10!5!2013=\frac{61!\,11!\,3!}{59!\,10!\,5!}.

Thus a1b1=6159=2|a_1-b_1|=61-59=2, and the correct answer is B .

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