2004 AMC 10A 第 23 题

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23.

AABBCC 两两外切,并且都与圆 DD 内切。圆 BB 和圆 CC 全等。圆 AA 半径为 11,并经过圆 DD 的圆心。圆 BB 的半径是多少?

Circles A,A, B,B, and CC are externally tangent to each other and internally tangent to circle D.D. Circles BB and CC are congruent. Circle AA has radius 11 and passes through the center of D.D. What is the radius of circle B?B?

23\dfrac{2}{3}

32\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}

78\dfrac{7}{8}

89\dfrac{8}{9}

1+33\dfrac{1 + \sqrt{3}}{3}

答案:D
知识点:相切圆坐标几何勾股定理
难度评级:1990
解答:

因为圆 AA 经过圆 DD 的圆心,并且与圆 DD 内切,所以圆 DD 的半径为 22。把圆 DD 的圆心放在原点,圆 AA 的圆心放在 (1,0)(-1, 0)

设圆 BB 的半径为 rr,圆心为 (x,r)(x, r);由圆 BB 和圆 CC 关于水平轴对称,可得切线关系 (x+1)2+r2=(1+r)2,x2+r2=(2r)2. \begin{aligned} (x + 1)^2 + r^2 &= (1 + r)^2, \\ x^2 + r^2 &= (2 - r)^2. \end{aligned}

两式相减得 x=3r2x = 3r - 2。代入第二式得 9r28r=09r^2 - 8r = 0,所以 r=89r = \dfrac{8}{9}

所以正确答案是 D

Because circle AA passes through DD's center and is internally tangent to D,D, circle DD has radius 2.2. Place DD's center at the origin and AA's center at (1,0).(-1, 0).

Let circle BB have radius rr and center (x,r),(x, r), using the symmetry of BB and CC about the horizontal axis. Tangency gives (x+1)2+r2=(1+r)2,x2+r2=(2r)2. \begin{aligned} (x + 1)^2 + r^2 &= (1 + r)^2, \\ x^2 + r^2 &= (2 - r)^2. \end{aligned}

Subtracting yields x=3r2.x = 3r - 2. Substituting into the second equation gives 9r28r=0,9r^2 - 8r = 0, so r=89.r = \dfrac{8}{9}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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