2021 AIME I 第 6 题

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6.

线段 AB\overline{AB}AC\overline{AC}, 和 AD\overline{AD} 是一个立方体的三条棱, AG\overline{AG} 是穿过立方体中心的一条体对角线。点 PP 满足 BP=6010BP = 60\sqrt{10}CP=605CP = 60\sqrt{5}DP=1202DP = 120\sqrt{2},且 GP=367GP = 36\sqrt{7}。求 APAP

Segments AB,\overline{AB}, AC,\overline{AC}, and AD\overline{AD} are edges of a cube and AG\overline{AG} is a diagonal through the center of the cube. Point PP satisfies BP=6010,BP = 60\sqrt{10}, CP=605,CP = 60\sqrt{5}, DP=1202,DP = 120\sqrt{2}, and GP=367.GP = 36\sqrt{7}. Find AP.AP.

答案:192
知识点:立体几何坐标几何距离公式
难度评级:2450
解答:

AA 为原点,B=(s,0,0)B = (s, 0, 0)C=(0,s,0)C = (0, s, 0)D=(0,0,s)D = (0, 0, s)G=(s,s,s)G = (s, s, s),并设 P=(x,y,z)P = (x, y, z)。展开得 而 GP2=AP22s(x+y+z)GP^2 = AP^2 - 2s(x + y + z) +3s2+ 3s^2。因此 其中所有含 ss 或点 PP 坐标的项都相消。 BP2=AP22sx+s2,CP2=AP22sy+s2,DP2=AP22sz+s2, \begin{aligned} BP^2 &= AP^2 - 2sx + s^2, \\ CP^2 &= AP^2 - 2sy + s^2, \\ DP^2 &= AP^2 - 2sz + s^2, \end{aligned} BP2+CP2+DP2GP2=2AP2, \begin{aligned} &BP^2 + CP^2 \\ &\quad {}+ DP^2 - GP^2 \\ &= 2\,AP^2, \end{aligned}

已知长度给出 BP2=36000BP^2 = 36000CP2=18000CP^2 = 18000DP2=28800DP^2 = 28800,以及 GP2=9072GP^2 = 9072,所以 从而 AP2=36864AP^2 = 36864AP=192AP = 1922AP2=36000+18000+288009072=73728, \begin{aligned} 2\,AP^2 &= 36000 + 18000 \\ &\quad {}+ 28800 - 9072 \\ &= 73728, \end{aligned}

Let AA be the origin with B=(s,0,0),B = (s, 0, 0), C=(0,s,0),C = (0, s, 0), D=(0,0,s),D = (0, 0, s), G=(s,s,s),G = (s, s, s), and P=(x,y,z).P = (x, y, z). Expanding, BP2=AP22sx+s2,CP2=AP22sy+s2,DP2=AP22sz+s2, \begin{aligned} BP^2 &= AP^2 - 2sx + s^2, \\ CP^2 &= AP^2 - 2sy + s^2, \\ DP^2 &= AP^2 - 2sz + s^2, \end{aligned} while GP2=AP22s(x+y+z)GP^2 = AP^2 - 2s(x + y + z) +3s2.+ 3s^2. Therefore BP2+CP2+DP2GP2=2AP2, \begin{aligned} &BP^2 + CP^2 \\ &\quad {}+ DP^2 - GP^2 \\ &= 2\,AP^2, \end{aligned} with every term involving ss or the coordinates of PP cancelling.

The given lengths yield BP2=36000,BP^2 = 36000, CP2=18000,CP^2 = 18000, DP2=28800,DP^2 = 28800, and GP2=9072,GP^2 = 9072, so 2AP2=36000+18000+288009072=73728, \begin{aligned} 2\,AP^2 &= 36000 + 18000 \\ &\quad {}+ 28800 - 9072 \\ &= 73728, \end{aligned} giving AP2=36864AP^2 = 36864 and AP=192.AP = 192.

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