1964 AMC 12 第 39 题

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39.

如图,三角形 ABCABC 的三边长分别为 aa、bb、cc,且 c≤b≤ac\leq b\leq a。分别作过内点 PP 和顶点 AA、BB、CC 的直线,与对边交于 A′A'、B′B'、C′C'。设 s=AA′+BB′+CC′s=AA'+BB'+CC'。那么对于点 PP 的所有位置,ss 小于:

The magnitudes of the sides of triangle ABCABC are a,a, b,b, c,c, as shown, with c≤b≤a.c\leq b\leq a. Through interior point PP and the vertices A,A, B,B, C,C, lines are drawn meeting the opposite sides in A′,A', B′,B', C′,C', respectively. Let s=AA′+BB′+CC′.s=AA'+BB'+CC'. Then, for all positions of point P,P, ss is less than:

2a+b2a+b

2a+c2a+c

2b+c2b+c

a+2ba+2b

a+b+ca+b+c

答案:A
知识点:极端原理极限情形界定不等式
难度评级:1850
小提示:

线段上一点到某个固定顶点的距离小于该线段较远端点到此顶点的距离

A point on a segment is closer to a fixed vertex than the farther endpoint of that segment

大提示:

分别用相邻边长估计 AA′AA'、BB′BB' 和 CC′CC' 的上界

Bound AA′AA', BB′BB', and CC′CC' separately using their adjacent side lengths

解答:

对于一个固定顶点,到该顶点的距离平方沿对边是凸函数,所以最大值在端点处取得。由于每条顶点连线与对边的交点都在该边内部,AA′<max⁡(AB,AC)=b,BB′<max⁡(BA,BC)=a,CC′<max⁡(CA,CB)=a。 \begin{gathered} AA'\lt\max(AB,AC)=b,\\ BB'\lt\max(BA,BC)=a,\\ CC'\lt\max(CA,CB)=a \end{gathered}\text{。}三式相加得 s<2a+bs\lt2a+b。

因此,正确答案是 A。

For a fixed vertex, squared distance is a convex function along the opposite side, so its maximum occurs at an endpoint. Since each cevian endpoint is interior to its side, AA′<max⁡(AB,AC)=b,BB′<max⁡(BA,BC)=a,CC′<max⁡(CA,CB)=a. \begin{gathered} AA'\lt\max(AB,AC)=b,\\ BB'\lt\max(BA,BC)=a,\\ CC'\lt\max(CA,CB)=a. \end{gathered} Adding gives s<2a+b.s\lt2a+b.

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

第 38 题#38
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