2024 AMC 10B 第 20 题

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20.

三双不同的鞋被排成一行,要求没有一只左脚鞋与来自不同双的右脚鞋相邻。这六只鞋共有多少种排法?

Three different pairs of shoes are placed in a row so that no left shoe is next to a right shoe from a different pair. In how many ways can these six shoes be lined up?

6060

7272

9090

108108

120120

答案:A
知识点:有限制的排列分类讨论
难度评级:2080
解答:

只要左右脚模式中一个 LL 与一个 RR 相邻,这两只鞋就必须是一双。因此内部连续段的长度不能为 1:1: 其中唯一一只鞋会被迫同时成为两侧鞋子的配对。三只 LL 和三只 RR 的唯一可能模式是 LLLRRR,LLLRRR, RRRLLL,RRRLLL, LLRRRL,LLRRRL, LRRLLR,LRRLLR, LRRRLL,LRRRLL, RLLLRR,RLLLRR, RLLRRL,RLLRRL,RRLLLR.RRLLLR. 对任意一种只切换一次的模式,选择切换处的一双并排列剩余鞋子,得到 322=123\cdot2\cdot2=12 种排列。其他六种模式各有 66 种把三双鞋分配到切换处的方法。因此总数为 212+66=60.2\cdot12+6\cdot6=60. 所以答案是 A

Wherever an LL meets an RR in the side pattern, those two shoes must be mates. Thus an interior run cannot have length 1:1: its lone shoe would have to be the mate of both neighbors. With three LL's and three RR's, the only possible patterns are LLLRRR,LLLRRR, RRRLLL,RRRLLL, LLRRRL,LLRRRL, LRRLLR,LRRLLR, LRRRLL,LRRRLL, RLLLRR,RLLLRR, RLLRRL,RLLRRL, and RRLLLR.RRLLLR. For either one-switch pattern, choose the pair at the switch and order the remaining shoes, giving 322=123\cdot2\cdot2=12 arrangements. Each of the other six patterns has 66 assignments of the three pairs to its switches. Hence the total is 212+66=60.2\cdot12+6\cdot6=60. Therefore, the answer is A.

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