2023 AMC 10A 第 20 题

先试着解答 2023 AMC 10A 第 20 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2023 AMC 10A 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

20.

一个 3×33 \times 3 方格中的每个小正方形都涂成红、白、蓝、绿中的一种颜色,使得每个 2×22 \times 2 正方形都包含四种颜色各一个。下图显示了一种这样的涂色(字母表示颜色,中心格为白色)。有多少种不同的涂色方式?

Each square in a 3×33 \times 3 grid of squares is colored red, white, blue, or green so that every 2×22 \times 2 square contains one square of each color. One such coloring is shown on the right below. How many different colorings are possible?

2424

4848

6060

7272

9696

答案:D
知识点:有限制的排列分类讨论
难度评级:2080
解答:

按行把格子标为 a,b,c/d,e,f/g,h,ia, b, c / d, e, f / g, h, i。左上角方块 a,b,d,ea, b, d, e 是四种颜色的一个排列,所以有 4!=244! = 24 种。方块 {b,c,e,f}\{b, c, e, f\} 也必须包含四种颜色,而 b,eb, e 已确定,所以 {c,f}\{c, f\} 是剩下两种颜色的某种顺序:22 种。对 {g,h}\{g, h\} 同理,它们是除 d,ed, e 外的两种颜色,另有 22 种。最后 ii 被迫取 {e,f,h}\{e, f, h\} 中缺少的颜色,并且只有在 fhf \ne h 时才可行。在 22=42 \cdot 2 = 4 种顺序组合中,恰有一种满足 f=hf = h,所以 33 种保留下来。总数为 243=7224 \cdot 3 = 72。因此,答案是 D

Label the cells row by row a,b,c/d,e,f/g,h,i.a, b, c / d, e, f / g, h, i. The top-left block a,b,d,ea, b, d, e is a permutation of the four colors, so 4!=244! = 24 ways. The block {b,c,e,f}\{b, c, e, f\} is also all four colors, and b,eb, e are fixed, so {c,f}\{c, f\} is the remaining two in some order: 22 ways. Same story for {g,h},\{g, h\}, the two colors apart from d,e,d, e, another 22 ways. That leaves i,i, forced to whatever color is missing from {e,f,h},\{e, f, h\}, and that only works when fh.f \ne h. Of the 22=42 \cdot 2 = 4 order combinations, exactly one has f=h,f = h, so 33 survive. The total is 243=72.24 \cdot 3 = 72. Therefore, the answer is D.

← 第 19 题#19
完整试卷

其他年份的第 20 题