2023 AMC 10A 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
城市 和 相距 英里。Alicia 住在 ,Beth 住在 。Alicia 以每小时 英里的速度骑向 。Beth 同时出发,以每小时 英里的速度骑向 。她们相遇时距离城市 多少英里?
Cities and are miles apart. Alicia lives in and Beth lives in Alicia bikes towards at miles per hour. Leaving at the same time, Beth bikes toward at miles per hour. How many miles from City will they be when they meet?
小提示:
她们相向骑行,所以速度相加;先求相遇所需时间
They ride toward each other, so their speeds add; find the time until they meet
大提示:
相遇时间为 小时;再乘以 Alice 的速度。
The meeting time is hours; multiply Alice’s speed by that time
解答:
她们相向骑行,所以速度相加。两人以每小时 英里的速度缩短这 英里的距离,因此经过 小时相遇。Alice 从 出发,所以这时她骑了 英里。因此,正确答案是 E。
They ride toward each other, so their speeds add. That closes the -mile gap at mph, and they meet after hours. Alice starts at so by then she’s gone miles. Thus, E is the correct answer.
2.
一个大披萨的 加上 杯橙子片的重量,等于同一个大披萨的 加上 杯橙子片的重量。一杯橙子片重 磅。一个大披萨重多少磅?
The weight of of a large pizza together with cups of orange slices is the same as the weight of of a large pizza together with cup of orange slices. A cup of orange slices weighs of a pound. What is the weight, in pounds, of a large pizza?
小提示:
设披萨重量为 ,并用每杯 磅把橙子片换算成磅
Let be the pizza’s weight and convert cups of orange slices to pounds using pound per cup
大提示:
列方程 ,然后解出 。
Set and solve for
解答:
设披萨重量为 。一杯橙子片重 磅,所以天平两边满足 ,也就是 。整理披萨项得到 。因此 。所以答案是 A。
Let be the pizza’s weight. A cup of orange slices is pound, so the two sides balance as that is Collect the pizza terms: So Therefore, the answer is A.
3.
小于 且能被 整除的正完全平方数有多少个?
How many positive perfect squares less than are divisible by
小提示:
能被 整除的完全平方数一定能被 整除
A perfect square divisible by must be divisible by
大提示:
把平方数写成 ,再数可行的 。
Write the square as and count the valid
解答:
如果一个完全平方数能被 整除,它就能被 整除,所以它形如 。我们需要 ,即 。这允许 ,共有 个平方数。因此,正确答案是 A。
If a perfect square is divisible by it’s divisible by so it looks like We need i.e. That allows which is squares. Thus, A is the correct answer.
4.
一个四边形的所有边长都是整数,周长为 ,其中一条边长为 。这个四边形的一条边的最大可能长度是多少?
A quadrilateral has all integer side lengths, a perimeter of and one side of length What is the greatest possible length of one side of this quadrilateral?
小提示:
在任意四边形中,每条边都小于另外三条边之和
In any quadrilateral, each side is less than the sum of the other three
大提示:
若最长边为 ,另外三条边之和为 ,所以 。
If the longest side is the other three sum to so
解答:
在任意四边形中,每条边都短于另外三条边之和。设最长边为 。其余边长之和为 ,所以 ,得到 ,因此 。能否达到 呢?边长 可行,因为 。所以最大长度为 。因此,答案是 D。
In any quadrilateral each side is shorter than the sum of the other three. Call the longest side The rest sum to so which gives and hence Can we hit The sides work, since So the greatest length is Therefore, the answer is D.
5.
的十进位表示有多少位数字?
How many digits are in the base-ten representation of
6.
一个整数被分配给立方体的每个顶点。一条边的值定义为它所连接的两个顶点的值之和,一个面的值定义为围成该面的四条边的值之和。立方体的值定义为六个面的值之和。若分配给各顶点的整数之和为 ,这个立方体的值是多少?
An integer is assigned to each vertex of a cube. The value of an edge is defined to be the sum of the values of the two vertices it touches, and the value of a face is defined to be the sum of the values of the four edges surrounding it. The value of the cube is defined as the sum of the values of its six faces. Suppose the sum of the integers assigned to the vertices is What is the value of the cube?
小提示:
每条边属于 个面,所以总面值是总边值的 倍
Each edge belongs to faces, so the total face value is times the total edge value
大提示:
每个顶点属于 条边,所以总边值是顶点总和的 倍
Each vertex belongs to edges, so the total edge value is times the vertex total
解答:
按关联次数计数。每条边在 个面上,所以六个面的值之和是所有边值总和的 倍。每个顶点在 条边上,所以所有边值总和是顶点值总和的 倍。连起来,立方体的值为 。因此,答案是 D。
Count by incidences. Each edge lies on faces, so the six face values together are times the total of all edge values. Each vertex lies on edges, so the total edge value is times the vertex sum. Chaining these, the cube’s value is Therefore, the answer is D.
7.
Janet 掷一个标准的 面骰子 次,并持续记录掷出点数的累加和。她的累加和在某一时刻等于 的概率是多少?
Janet rolls a standard -sided die times and keeps a running total of the numbers she rolls. What is the probability that at some point her running total will equal
小提示:
累加和只可能在前几次掷骰中到达 ;列出恰好到达 的互斥方式
The running total reaches only through the first few rolls; list the disjoint ways to hit exactly
大提示:
情况为第一次掷出 ;前两次为 ;前两次为 ;前三次为 ;把概率相加
The cases are first roll rolls rolls rolls add their probabilities
解答:
累加和只能通过开头几次掷骰恰好到达 ,且这些方式互斥:单独掷出 (概率 ),再是 和 (各为 ),以及 (概率 )。相加得 。因此,正确答案是 B。
The total can only reach exactly through the opening rolls, and these ways are disjoint: alone (probability ), then and (each ), and (probability ). Add them up: Thus, B is the correct answer.
8.
面包师 Barb 为烤面包设计了一种新的温度体系,叫作 Breadus,它与华氏温度成线性关系。面包在 时发酵,这对应 Breadus 刻度上的 。面包在 时烘烤,这对应 Breadus 刻度上的 。面包烤好时内部温度为 。这个温度在 Breadus 刻度上是多少?
Barb the baker creates a new temperature system for baking bread, Breadus, which is linearly based on Fahrenheit. Bread rises at which is on the Breadus scale. Bread bakes at which is on the Breadus scale. Bread is done when its internal temperature is What is this temperature on the Breadus scale?
小提示:
Breadus 读数是经过 和 的华氏温度线性函数。
The Breadus reading is linear in Fahrenheit through and
大提示:
斜率为 ;把它应用到高于 点的 度。
The slope is apply it to the degrees above the point
解答:
Breadus 读数是经过 和 的华氏温度线性函数,所以 。代入 :。因此,答案是 D。
The Breadus reading is linear in Fahrenheit through and so Plug in Therefore, the answer is D.
9.
一个电子显示屏把当前日期显示为一个 位整数,依次由 位年份、 位月份和该月内的 位日期组成。例如,今年的植树节显示为 。在 年中,有多少个日期的 位显示中每个数字都出现偶数次?
A digital display shows the current date as an -digit integer consisting of a -digit year, followed by a -digit month, followed by a -digit date within the month. For example, Arbor Day this year is displayed as For how many dates in will each digit appear an even number of times in the -digit display for that date?
小提示:
年份 提供两个 (偶数次)、一个 和一个 。
The year contributes two s (even), one and one
大提示:
月份和日期的四个数字必须再提供一个 和一个 ,其余两个数字彼此相同
The four month-and-day digits must supply one more and one more with the remaining two digits equal to each other
解答:
年份 已经给出两个 (偶数次)、一个 和一个 。因此,为了让每个数字总体都出现偶数次,月份 和日期 的四个数字必须再提供一个 、一个 ,然后另外两个数字相同,同时还要让 的个数保持偶数。逐一检查合法的月日组合,得到 、、、、、、、 和 ,恰好有 个日期。因此,正确答案是 E。
The year already gives two s (even), one , and one . So to make every digit occur an even number of times, the four digits of and must supply one more , one more , and two equal digits, while keeping the number of s even. Checking the legal dates gives and exactly dates. Thus, E is the correct answer.
10.
Maureen 在记录她这学期小测成绩的平均分。如果 Maureen 下一次小测得 分,她的平均分会增加 。如果接下来三次小测她每次都得 分,她的平均分会增加 。她当前的小测平均分是多少?
Maureen is keeping track of the mean of her quiz scores this semester. If Maureen scores an on the next quiz, her mean will increase by If she scores an on each of the next three quizzes, her mean will increase by What is the mean of her quiz scores currently?
小提示:
设当前平均分为 ,已有 次小测,所以当前总分为
Let the current mean be over tests, so the current total is
大提示:
加入一次 分后平均分为 ,加入三次 分后平均分为 ;建立两个方程。
Adding one gives mean and adding three s gives mean form two equations
解答:
设当前 次小测的平均分为 。再得一次 分后平均分为 :,整理得 。再得三次 分后平均分为 :,即 。解这组方程得 。因此,答案是 D。
Let be the current mean over quizzes. One more makes the mean which tidies up to Three more s make it i.e. Solve the pair and Therefore, the answer is D.
11.
一个面积为 的正方形内接于一个面积为 的正方形,如下图所示,从而形成四个全等的三角形。阴影直角三角形中,较短直角边与较长直角边的比是多少?
A square of area is inscribed in a square of area creating four congruent triangles, as shown below. What is the ratio of the shorter leg to the longer leg in the shaded right triangle?
小提示:
每个角上的三角形有直角边 ,满足 (大正方形边长)且 (小正方形边长的平方)
Each corner triangle has legs with (a side of the big square) and (a side of the small square)
大提示:
用 求 ;然后 和 是 的根
gives then and are the roots of
解答:
每个角上的直角三角形有直角边 和 。外层正方形的一条边给出 ,内接正方形的一条边给出 。相减求积: ,所以 。于是 和 是 的根,即 。较短边与较长边之比为 。因此,正确答案是 C。
Each corner right triangle has legs and A side of the outer square gives and a side of the inscribed square gives Subtract to find the product: so Then and are the roots of namely The ratio of the smaller leg to the larger is Thus, C is the correct answer.
12.
有多少个三位正整数 同时满足下面两个性质?
• 数 能被 整除。
• 把 的数字倒序后形成的数能被 整除。
How many three-digit positive integers satisfy the following properties?
• The number is divisible by
• The number formed by reversing the digits of is divisible by
小提示:
倒序数的个位是 的首位;要能被 整除,该数字必须是 或 。
The reversed number ends in the first digit of and for divisibility by that digit must be or
大提示:
因为 是三位数,所以它以 开头;数出 到 中 的倍数。
Since is three digits it starts with count the multiples of from to
解答:
倒序 后,它的个位是 的首位。若倒序数能被 整除,则该数字为 或 。三位数不能以 开头,所以 以 开头,也就是 (倒序数总会以 结尾)。现在只需数其中 的倍数:从 到 ,共有 个数。因此,答案是 B。
When we reverse its last digit is the first digit of For the reversal to be divisible by that digit is or A three-digit number can’t start with so starts with meaning (and the reversal ends in always fine). Now just count multiples of here: from to that’s numbers. Therefore, the answer is B.
13.
Abdul 和 Chiang 站在一片田野中,相距 英尺。Bharat 也站在同一片田野中,并且在使他看向 Abdul 和 Chiang 的两条视线所成角为 的条件下,尽可能远离 Abdul。Abdul 与 Bharat 之间距离的平方是多少(单位为平方英尺)?
Abdul and Chiang are standing feet apart in a field. Bharat is standing in the same field as far from Abdul as possible so that the angle formed by his lines of sight to Abdul and Chiang measures What is the square of the distance (in feet) between Abdul and Bharat?
小提示:
以固定 角看见线段 的点位于经过 和 的一段圆弧上
Points that see segment at a fixed lie on a circular arc through and
大提示:
离 Abdul 最远的这种点是直径的端点;用正弦定理求圆的直径
The farthest such point from Abdul is a diameter endpoint; find the circle’s diameter with the law of sines
解答:
设 为 Abdul, 为 Chiang,且 , 为 Bharat,满足 。所有以 角看见 的点都在同一圆弧上,所以所有可行的 都在一个圆上,其中弦 所对圆周角为 。正弦定理给出该圆直径为 。现在 是一条弦,而弦最长时为直径。所以 ,。因此,正确答案是 C。
Let be Abdul, be Chiang with and be Bharat with Every point seeing at lies on one circular arc, so all valid sit on a circle where chord subtends The law of sines gives its diameter, Now is a chord, and a chord is longest when it’s a diameter. So and Thus, C is the correct answer.
14.
从前 个正整数中随机选一个数,然后从该数的正整数因数中随机选一个。所选因数能被 整除的概率是多少?
A number is chosen at random from among the first positive integers, and a positive integer divisor of that number is then chosen at random. What is the probability that the chosen divisor is divisible by
小提示:
只有 以内的 的倍数才可能有能被 整除的因数
Only multiples of up to can have a divisor divisible by
大提示:
对于 且 ,由于 不是 的倍数, 的因数中恰好一半是 的倍数。
For with exactly half of ’s divisors are multiples of since is not a multiple of
解答:
一个数 只有在 能被 整除时,才可能有能被 整除的因数,所以 。写成 ,其中 。这里 不是 的倍数,所以 ,而能被 整除的因数恰好是 这种形式,共有 个。因此对于每个这样的 ,概率都是 。对全部 个起始数字取平均,概率为 。因此,答案是 B。
A number can only have a divisor divisible by when is divisible by so Write with Here is not a multiple of so and the divisors that are multiples of are exactly the numbers That makes the chance for each such Averaging over all starting numbers, the probability is Therefore, the answer is B.
15.
偶数个圆相互嵌套,第一个半径为 ,之后每次半径增加 ,并且所有圆共享一个公共点。从半径为 的圆内但半径为 的圆外的区域开始,每隔一圈给区域涂色。下面显示的是 个圆的例子。至少需要多少个圆,才能使总阴影面积至少为 ?
An even number of circles are nested, starting with a radius of and increasing by each time, all sharing a common point. The region between every other circle is shaded, starting with the region inside the circle of radius but outside the circle of radius An example showing circles is displayed below. What is the least number of circles needed to make the total shaded area at least
小提示:
半径 和 的圆之间的阴影区域面积为 。
The shaded region between the circles of radius and has area
大提示:
有 个圆时,阴影面积为 ;解 。
With circles the shaded area is solve
解答:
半径为 的圆面积为 。因此半径 与 之间的阴影环形区域面积为 。有 个圆时,阴影总面积为 。我们需要 。当 时为 ,当 时为 。所以 ,也就是 个圆。因此,正确答案是 E。
A circle of radius has area So the shaded ring between radius and has area With circles the shaded total is We want At it’s at it’s So which means circles. Thus, E is the correct answer.
16.
在一场乒乓球锦标赛中,每位参赛者都与其他每位参赛者恰好比赛一次。虽然右手选手的人数是左手选手的两倍,但左手选手赢得的场数比右手选手赢得的场数多 。(没有平局,也没有左右手都用的选手。)总共进行了多少场比赛?
In a table tennis tournament every participant played every other participant exactly once. Although there were twice as many right-handed players as left-handed players, the number of games won by left-handed players was more than the number of games won by right-handed players. (There were no ties and no ambidextrous players.) What is the total number of games played?
小提示:
若有 名左手选手和 名右手选手,则比赛场数为
With left-handed and right-handed players, the number of games is
大提示:
每场比赛有一名获胜者,左手胜场与右手胜场之比为 ,所以总场数是 的倍数。
Every game has one winner, and left wins to right wins is so the total is a multiple of
解答:
设有 名左手选手和 名右手选手,所以共有 名选手,比赛场数为 。每场比赛有一名获胜者,且左手胜场是右手胜场的 倍,所以胜场按 分配,总场数必须是 的倍数。左手选手至多赢下所有至少有一名左手选手参加的比赛,共 场。因此 化简得 。当 或 时,总场数不是 的倍数;当 时,总场数为 。这种结果确实可以实现:左手选手赢下对阵右手选手的全部 场比赛和左手选手之间的全部 场比赛,而右手选手赢下彼此之间的全部 场比赛。这样双方的胜场数分别为 和 。因此总共进行了 场比赛,答案是 B。
Say there are left-handers and right-handers, so players and games. Every game has one winner, and left wins are times right wins, so the wins split and the total must be a multiple of . Left-handers can win at most all games involving at least one left-hander, namely . Hence which gives . For and , the total is not divisible by . For , there are games. This is attainable if the left-handers win all cross-group games and all games among themselves, while the right-handers win their internal games. The win totals are and , so the answer is . Therefore, the answer is B.
17.
设 是一个矩形,且 、。点 和 分别在 和 上,使得 、 和 的所有边长都是整数。 的周长是多少?
Let be a rectangle with and Points and lie on and respectively so that all sides of and have integer lengths. What is the perimeter of
小提示:
三个三角形都在矩形顶点处为直角,所以 ,且 必须是完全平方数。
Each of the three triangles is right-angled at a corner, so and must be perfect squares
大提示:
使用 -- 和 -- 这两组勾股数;此时 也会是整数。
Use the triples -- and -- then comes out an integer too
解答:
令 、、、,且 在 上, 在 上。三个直角三角形给出 、、,并且三者都必须是整数。当 时,将等式写成 ,可知只有 和 两种可能,对应 和 。同理,令 ,则 ,且 ,所以 或 。将这四种组合代入 的公式检验,只有 、 可行。因此 、,并且 。所以 的周长为 ,正确答案是 A。
Set , , , , with on and on . The three right triangles give , , and . For , the equation gives only and , with and . Similarly, setting , the equation with gives or . Testing these four combinations in the formula for , only , works. Thus , , and . The perimeter of is . Thus, A is the correct answer.
18.
菱形十二面体是一个有 个全等菱形面的立体。在每个顶点处,根据顶点不同,会有 条或 条棱相交。恰有 条棱相交的顶点有多少个?
A rhombic dodecahedron is a solid with congruent rhombus faces. At every vertex, or edges meet, depending on the vertex. How many vertices have exactly edges meeting?
小提示:
这个立体有 个面和 条棱;用欧拉公式求顶点数
The solid has faces and edges; use Euler’s formula to get the number of vertices
大提示:
若 个顶点度数为 ,其余顶点度数为 ,则所有顶点度数之和为 。
If vertices have degree and the rest degree the sum of all degrees is
解答:
每个菱形有 条边,每条棱由 个面共享,所以 。已知 ,由欧拉公式得 。设 个顶点有 条棱相交,其余 个顶点有 条棱相交。度数之和等于棱数的两倍:,所以 。因此,答案是 D。
Each rhombus has edges, and every edge is shared by faces, so With Euler’s formula gives Suppose vertices have edges and the other have The degrees sum to twice the edge count: so Therefore, the answer is D.
19.
由 和 形成的线段,绕点 旋转后变成由 和 形成的线段。求 。
The line segment formed by and is rotated to the line segment formed by and about the point What is
小提示:
旋转中心到每个点及其像的距离相等,所以它在 和 的垂直平分线上
The rotation center is equidistant from each point and its image, so it lies on the perpendicular bisectors of and
大提示:
求 的垂直平分线(一条竖直线)与 的垂直平分线的交点
Intersect the perpendicular bisector of (a vertical line) with that of
解答:
旋转使中心到每个点及其像的距离相等。因此 到 和 等距,也到 和 等距,所以它是两条垂直平分线的交点。从 到 的线段 的垂直平分线是 。从 到 的线段 的垂直平分线是 。于是 ,所以 ,。因此,正确答案是 E。
A rotation keeps its center equidistant from each point and its image. So is equidistant from and and from and which puts it at the intersection of two perpendicular bisectors. The bisector of from to is The bisector of from to is Then so and Thus, E is the correct answer.
20.
一个 方格中的每个小正方形都涂成红、白、蓝、绿中的一种颜色,使得每个 正方形都包含四种颜色各一个。下图显示了一种这样的涂色(字母表示颜色,中心格为白色)。有多少种不同的涂色方式?
Each square in a grid of squares is colored red, white, blue, or green so that every square contains one square of each color. One such coloring is shown on the right below. How many different colorings are possible?
小提示:
按 、、、、、、、、 给格子标号;左上角四格是四种颜色的一个排列。
Label the cells row by row as the top-left four are a permutation of all four colors
大提示:
接着 和 各自是剩余两种颜色的某种顺序,而 被确定,但只有当 时可行。
Then and are each the two remaining colors in some order, and is forced but works only when
解答:
按行把格子标为 、、、、、、、、。左上角方块 是四种颜色的一个排列,所以有 种。方块 也必须包含四种颜色,而 已确定,所以 是剩下两种颜色的某种顺序: 种。对 同理,它们是除 外的两种颜色,另有 种。最后 被迫取 中缺少的颜色,并且只有在 时才可行。在 种顺序组合中,恰有一种满足 ,所以 种保留下来。总数为 。因此,答案是 D。
Label the cells row by row as The top-left block is a permutation of the four colors, so ways. The block is also all four colors, and are fixed, so is the remaining two in some order: ways. Same story for the two colors apart from another ways. That leaves forced to whatever color is missing from and that only works when Of the order combinations, exactly one has so survive. The total is Therefore, the answer is D.
21.
存在一个首项系数为 、次数最小且唯一的多项式 ,满足以下所有条件:
是 的一个根, 是 的一个根, 是 的一个根,且 是 的一个根。
除一个根外, 的所有根都是整数。若唯一的非整数根可写成 ,其中 和 是互质正整数,求 。
There is a unique polynomial of least degree with leading coefficient satisfying all of the following:
is a root of is a root of is a root of and is a root of
All the roots of except one are integers. If the one non-integer root can be written as where and are relatively prime positive integers, what is
小提示:
把每个条件翻译成函数值:、、、。
Translate each condition into a value:
大提示:
整数根 迫使 ;用 求 。
The integer roots force use to find
解答:
把每个条件翻译成函数值:、、、。所以 是根。三次多项式可以吗?带这些根的首一三次多项式有 ,所以不行。次数最小的首一多项式是 次:。现在 ,所以 ,且 。这就是唯一的非整数根,因此 。因此,正确答案是 D。
Translate each condition into a value: and So are roots. Could a cubic do it? A monic cubic with those roots has so no. The least-degree monic polynomial is degree Now so and That’s the lone non-integer root, so Thus, D is the correct answer.
22.
圆 和 的半径都是 ,两圆圆心距离为 。圆 是同时内切于 和 的最大圆。圆 同时内切于 和 ,并且外切于 。 的半径是多少?
Circle and each have radius and the distance between their centers is Circle is the largest circle internally tangent to both and Circle is internally tangent to both and and externally tangent to What is the radius of
小提示:
把 的圆心放在 ; 以原点为圆心,半径由 得出。
Put the centers of at is centered at the origin with radius from
大提示:
设 圆心为 ,半径为 ;与 内切、与 外切分别给出两个方程。
Let be centered at with radius internal tangency to and external tangency to give two equations
解答:
把 的圆心放在 。由对称性,位于两圆内部的最大圆以原点为圆心,半径为 ,其中 ,所以 。设 圆心为 ,半径为 。与 内切给出 ,与 外切给出 。把第二个方程代入第一个:。化简得 ,所以 。因此,答案是 D。
Put the centers of at By symmetry the largest circle inside both sits at the origin with radius where so Let be centered at with radius Internal tangency to gives and external tangency to gives Substitute the second into the first: This collapses to so Therefore, the answer is D.
23.
的正整数因数 和 称为互补的,如果 。已知 有一对相差 的互补因数,也有一对相差 的互补因数,求 的各位数字之和。
Positive integer divisors and of are called complementary if Given that has a pair of complementary divisors that differ by and a pair of complementary divisors that differ by find the sum of the digits of
小提示:
乘积为 且相差 的互补因数可记为 和 ,所以 。
Complementary divisors with product differing by are and so
大提示:
同理 也是完全平方数;把两者结合,得到一个等于 的平方差。
Then is also a perfect square; combine the two to get a difference of squares equal to
解答:
相差 的互补因数为 和 ,乘积为 ,所以 ,且 。相差 的一对给出 。设 。则 ,所以 。正因数对 给出 ,从而得到不合要求的 。因数对 给出 、,于是 。检验:,数字和为 。因此,正确答案是 C。
Complementary divisors differing by are and with product , so and . A pair differing by gives . Set . Then , so . The positive factor pair gives , hence the inadmissible value . The pair gives , , hence . Check it: , and the digit sum is . Thus, C is the correct answer.
24.
六个边长为 单位的正六边形积木排列在一个正六边形框架内。每个积木都沿着框架的一条内边放置,并与另外两个积木对齐,如下图所示。从框架任意顶点到最近的积木顶点的距离都是 单位。框架内未被积木占据的区域面积是多少?
Six regular hexagonal blocks of side length unit are arranged inside a regular hexagonal frame. Each block lies along an inside edge of the frame and is aligned with two other blocks, as shown in the figure below. The distance from any corner of the frame to the nearest vertex of a block is unit. What is the area of the region inside the frame not occupied by the blocks?
小提示:
未覆盖区域等于框架面积减去六个单位正六边形面积;边长为 的正六边形面积为
The uncovered region is the frame’s area minus the six unit hexagons; a regular hexagon of side has area
大提示:
把积木的边延长到框架:框架的一条边被分成长度 和 ;然后减去六个积木的面积
Extend the block edges to the frame: one frame side splits into lengths and then subtract the six block areas
解答:
设 。把与框架某条固定边相接的那些积木的斜边延长。由于所有相关的角都是 ,这些延长线在一端围成一个边长为 的正三角形,在另一端围成一个边长为 的正三角形。于是这条框架边被分成长度依次为 和 的四段,所以它的长度是 。边长为 的正六边形面积为 。因此未被占据的面积等于边长为 的框架面积减去六个单位积木的面积: 。因此,答案是 C。
Let Extend the slanted edges of the blocks that meet a fixed side of the frame. Because all the relevant angles are the extensions form an equilateral triangle of side at one end and an equilateral triangle of side at the other. Thus that frame side is partitioned into lengths and so its length is A regular hexagon of side has area Therefore the uncovered area is the area of the side- frame minus the areas of the six unit blocks: Therefore, the answer is C.
25.
如果 和 是一个多面体的顶点,定义距离 为沿该多面体的棱从 连接到 所需经过的最少棱数。例如,如果 是多面体的一条棱,则 ;但如果 和 是棱而 不是棱,则 。设 、、 是从一个正二十面体(由 个等边三角形组成的正多面体)的顶点中随机选出的三个不同顶点。求 的概率。
If and are vertices of a polyhedron, define the distance to be the minimum number of edges of the polyhedron one must traverse in order to connect and For example, if is an edge of the polyhedron, then but if and are edges and is not an edge, then Let and be randomly chosen distinct vertices of a regular icosahedron (a regular polyhedron made up of equilateral triangles). What is the probability that
小提示:
从正二十面体任一顶点出发,有 个顶点距离为 , 个顶点距离为 ,还有 个(对顶点)距离为
From any vertex of an icosahedron, vertices are at distance at distance and (the opposite vertex) at distance
大提示:
固定 ;由对称性, ,所以它等于 。
Fix by symmetry so it equals
解答:
固定 。在其他 个顶点中,有 个到该固定顶点的距离为 , 个距离为 ,还有 个(对顶点)距离为 。从这 个顶点中有序选出不同的 ,共有 对。满足 的对数为 ,所以 。由 与 的对称性, 和 的情况平分剩余概率,所以 。因此,正确答案是 A。
Fix Of the other vertices, sit at distance at distance and (the opposite vertex) at distance Pick ordered distinct from these that’s pairs. The ones with number so By the symmetry between and the and cases split the rest evenly, so Thus, A is the correct answer.