2022 AMC 10A 第 20 题

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20.

一个四项数列由一个正整数四项等差数列与一个正整数四项等比数列对应项相加得到。所得四项数列的前三项为 5757,6060,9191。这个数列的第四项是多少?

A four-term sequence is formed by adding each term of a four-term arithmetic sequence of positive integers to the corresponding term of a four-term geometric sequence of positive integers. The first three terms of the resulting four-term sequence are 57,57, 60,60, and 91.91. What is the fourth term of this sequence?

190190

194194

198198

202202

206206

答案:E
知识点:等差数列等比数列丢番图方程
难度评级:2230
解答:

设等差数列为 a,a+d,a+2d,a+3d a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d ,等比数列为 b,br,br2,br3. b, br, br^2, br^3.

a+b=57,(1) a + b = 57 \tag*{(1)}, a+d+br=60,(2) a + d + br = 60 \tag*{(2)}, a+2d+br2=91.(3) a + 2d + br^2 = 91 \tag*{(3)}.

(2)(2) 减去 (1)(1),再用 (3),(3), 减去 (2)(2),得到 d+b(r1)=3 d + b(r - 1) = 3 d+br(r1)=31. d + br(r - 1) = 31.

两式相减,得 b(r1)2=28. b(r - 1)^2 = 28.

t=b(r1)=brb,t=b(r-1)=br-b,它是整数。则 t2=28b,t^2=28b,所以对某个非零整数 u,u,t=14ut=14ub=7u2b=7u^2。因为 a=57b>0,a=57-b>0,必须有 u{2,1,1,2}.u\in\{-2,-1,1,2\}.

现在 r=1+t/b=1+2/u.r=1+t/b=1+2/u.u=1u=-1u=2u=-2 时,分别得到 r=1r=-1r=0,r=0,不能形成正数等比数列。若 u=2,u=2,b=28,r=2,a=29,b=28, r=2, a=29,d=3t=25,d=3-t=-25,使等差数列第三项为负。

因此 u=1,u=1,所以 b=7,r=3,a=50,b = 7, r = 3, a = 50,d=11.d = -11. 等差数列为 50,39,28,17, 50,39,28,17, ,等比数列为 7,21,63,189. 7,21,63,189.

所求答案为 17+189=206.17 + 189 = 206.

所以正确答案是 E

Let the arithmetic sequence be a,a+d,a+2d,a+3d a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d and the geometric sequence be b,br,br2,br3. b, br, br^2, br^3.

Then a+b=57,(1) a + b = 57 \tag*{(1)}, a+d+br=60,(2) a + d + br = 60 \tag*{(2)}, and a+2d+br2=91.(3) a + 2d + br^2 = 91 \tag*{(3)}.

Subtracting (1)(1) from (2)(2) and (2)(2) from (3),(3), we get d+b(r1)=3 d + b(r - 1) = 3 and d+br(r1)=31. d + br(r - 1) = 31.

Subtracting these, we get b(r1)2=28. b(r - 1)^2 = 28.

Let t=b(r1)=brb,t=b(r-1)=br-b, which is an integer. Then t2=28b,t^2=28b, so t=14ut=14u and b=7u2b=7u^2 for some nonzero integer u.u. Because a=57b>0,a=57-b>0, we must have u{2,1,1,2}.u\in\{-2,-1,1,2\}.

Now r=1+t/b=1+2/u.r=1+t/b=1+2/u. The cases u=1u=-1 and u=2u=-2 give r=1r=-1 and r=0,r=0, respectively, so they cannot produce a positive geometric sequence. If u=2,u=2, then b=28,r=2,a=29,b=28, r=2, a=29, and d=3t=25,d=3-t=-25, making the third arithmetic term negative.

Therefore u=1,u=1, so b=7,r=3,a=50,b = 7, r = 3, a = 50, and d=11.d = -11. The arithmetic sequence is 50,39,28,17, 50,39,28,17, and the geometric sequence is 7,21,63,189. 7,21,63,189.

The desired answer is 17+189=206.17 + 189 = 206.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

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