2022 AMC 10A 第 20 题
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20.
一个四项数列由一个正整数四项等差数列与一个正整数四项等比数列对应项相加得到。所得四项数列的前三项为 ,,。这个数列的第四项是多少?
A four-term sequence is formed by adding each term of a four-term arithmetic sequence of positive integers to the corresponding term of a four-term geometric sequence of positive integers. The first three terms of the resulting four-term sequence are and What is the fourth term of this sequence?
答案:E
解答:
设等差数列为 ,等比数列为
则 且
用 减去 ,再用 减去 ,得到 和
两式相减,得
令 它是整数。则 所以对某个非零整数 有 、。因为 必须有
现在 当 或 时,分别得到 和 不能形成正数等比数列。若 则 且 使等差数列第三项为负。
因此 所以 且 等差数列为 ,等比数列为
所求答案为
所以正确答案是 E。
Let the arithmetic sequence be and the geometric sequence be
Then and
Subtracting from and from we get and
Subtracting these, we get
Let which is an integer. Then so and for some nonzero integer Because we must have
Now The cases and give and respectively, so they cannot produce a positive geometric sequence. If then and making the third arithmetic term negative.
Therefore so and The arithmetic sequence is and the geometric sequence is
The desired answer is
Thus, E is the correct answer.
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