2021 AMC 10B Fall 第 6 题

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6.

恰有 20212021 个不同正因数的最小正整数可写成 m6km \cdot 6^k,其中 mmkk 为整数,且 66 不是 mm 的因数。求 m+km+k

The least positive integer with exactly 20212021 distinct positive divisors can be written in the form m6k,m \cdot 6^k, where mm and kk are integers and 66 is not a divisor of m.m. What is m+k?m+k?

4747

5858

5959

8888

9090

答案:B
知识点:因数个数质因数分解最优化
难度评级:1420
小提示:

2021=43472021=43\cdot47

2021=43472021=43\cdot47

大提示:

要使数最小,应把较大的指数放在较小的质数上。

To minimize the number, put the larger exponent on the smaller prime

解答:

开始之前先注意:如果整数 zz 的质因数分解可以写成 z=p1e1p2e2z=p_1^{e_1} p_2^{e_2} \cdots\text{,} 那么它共有 (e1+1)(e2+1)(e_1+1)(e_2+1) \cdots 个不同的正因数。

如果所求的数有 20212021 个因数,由上面的道理可知 2021=(e1+1)(e2+1)2021=(e_1+1)(e_2+1) \cdots\text{,}2021=43472021 = 43\cdot 47,所以这个数必定形如 p146p242p_1^{46}p_2^{42}p2020p^{2020}

在这两种形式中,能得到的最小的数是在第一种形式中取 p1=2,p2=3p_1 = 2,p_2=3,即 246342=166422^{46}3^{42} = 16\cdot 6^{42}\text{。}

因此 m=16m=16k=42k=42\text{,} 所以 m+k=42+16=58m+k = 42+16 = 58\text{。}

所以答案是 B

Before starting, note that if we can represent the prime factorization of an integer zz as z=p1e1p2e2,z=p_1^{e_1} p_2^{e_2} \cdots, then there are (e1+1)(e2+1)(e_1+1)(e_2+1) \cdots distinct positive factors.

If the number in question has 20212021 factors, by the previous logic, 2021=(e1+1)(e2+1),2021=(e_1+1)(e_2+1) \cdots, and as the prime factorization of 2021=4347,2021 = 43\cdot 47, then our number must be p146p242p_1^{46}p_2^{42} or p2020.p^{2020}.

The smallest number we can make in either of these is making p1=2,p2=3p_1 = 2,p_2=3 in the first configuration, yielding 246342=16642.2^{46}3^{42} = 16\cdot 6^{42} .

Therefore, m=16m=16k=42,k=42, so m+k=42+16=58.m+k = 42+16 = 58.

Thus, the answer is B .

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