2012 AMC 10B 第 6 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

6.

为了估计 xyx-y 的值,其中 xxyy 是满足 x>y>0x > y > 0 的实数,Xiaoli 把 xx 向上舍入了一小段,把 yy 向下舍入了同样的一小段,然后用舍入后的值相减。

下列哪一句必然正确?

In order to estimate the value of xyx-y where xx and yy are real numbers with x>y>0,x > y > 0, Xiaoli rounded xx up by a small amount, rounded yy down by the same amount, and then subtracted her rounded values.

Which of the following statements is necessarily correct?

她的估计值大于 xyx-y

Her estimate is larger than xyx-y

她的估计值小于 xyx-y

Her estimate is smaller than xy x-y

她的估计值等于 xyx-y

Her estimate equals xyx-y

她的估计值等于 yxy-x

Her estimate equals yx y-x

她的估计值为 00

Her estimate is 0 0

答案:A
知识点:估算不等式
难度评级:870
小提示:

xx 向上舍入会让它在数轴上向右移动。

Rounding xx up moves it farther right on the number line

大提示:

yy 向下舍入会让它在数轴上向左移动。

Rounding yy down moves it farther left

解答:

设这段很小的舍入量为 d>0d>0。Xiaoli 用 x+dx+d 代替 xx,用 ydy-d 代替 yy。因此估计值为 (x+d)(yd)=xy+2d(x+d)-(y-d)=x-y+2d\text{,} 它大于 xyx-y

所以正确答案是 A

Let the small rounding amount be d>0.d>0. Xiaoli replaces xx by x+dx+d and yy by yd.y-d. Her estimate is therefore (x+d)(yd)=xy+2d,(x+d)-(y-d)=x-y+2d, which is larger than xy.x-y.

Thus, the correct answer is A .

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