2021 AMC 10B Spring 第 23 题

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23.

一个边长为 88 的正方形中,除了 44 个角上腿长为 22 的阴影等腰直角三角形,以及正方形中心一个边长为 222\sqrt{2} 的阴影菱形外,其余部分都不涂阴影,如图所示。

一枚直径为 11 的圆形硬币落到正方形上,并随机落在一个使硬币完全包含在正方形内的位置。硬币覆盖到正方形阴影区域一部分的概率可写成 1196(a+b2+π)\frac{1}{196}\left(a+b\sqrt{2}+\pi\right),其中 aabb 是正整数。a+ba+b 等于多少?

A square with side length 88 is colored white except for 44 black isosceles right triangular regions with legs of length 22 in each corner of the square and a black diamond with side length 222\sqrt{2} in the center of the square, as shown in the diagram.

A circular coin with diameter 11 is dropped onto the square and lands in a random location where the coin is completely contained within the square. The probability that the coin will cover part of the black region of the square can be written as 1196(a+b2+π),\frac{1}{196}\left(a+b\sqrt{2}+\pi\right), where aa and bb are positive integers. What is a+b?a+b?

6464

6666

6868

7070

7272

答案:C
知识点:几何概率面积分割
难度评级:2390
解答:

硬币半径为 12\frac12,所以它的圆心均匀分布在一个 7×77\times7 的正方形内,该区域面积为 4949

对每个角上的阴影三角形,能覆盖到它的圆心位置是在允许区域内距离该三角形不超过 12\frac12 的点集。每个角对应一个高为 1+22\frac{1+\sqrt2}{2} 的等腰直角三角形,所以面积为

(1+22)2=3+224.\left(\frac{1+\sqrt2}{2}\right)^2=\frac{3+2\sqrt2}{4}.

四个角合计贡献 3+223+2\sqrt2

中心阴影菱形是一个边长为 222\sqrt2 的正方形。把它向外扩张距离 12\frac12,除了菱形本身面积 88,还增加总面积 424\sqrt2 的四个矩形,以及合起来面积为 π4\frac\pi4 的四个四分之一圆。因此中心部分贡献

8+42+π4.8+4\sqrt2+\frac\pi4.

有利面积为

3+22+8+42+π4=11+62+π4. \begin{aligned} &3+2\sqrt2+8+4\sqrt2+\frac\pi4 \\ &=11+6\sqrt2+\frac\pi4. \end{aligned}

概率为

11+62+π449=44+242+π196. \begin{aligned} &\frac{11+6\sqrt2+\frac\pi4}{49} \\ &=\frac{44+24\sqrt2+\pi}{196}. \end{aligned}

所以 a+b=44+24=68a+b=44+24=68

所以答案是 C

The coin has radius 12,\frac12, so its center is uniformly distributed over a 7×77\times7 square of area 49.49.

A shaded corner triangle contributes the set of center positions within distance 12\frac12 of that triangle, inside the allowed center square. For each corner this is a right isosceles triangle whose altitude is 1+22,\frac{1+\sqrt2}{2}, so its area is

(1+22)2=3+224.\left(\frac{1+\sqrt2}{2}\right)^2=\frac{3+2\sqrt2}{4}.

All four corners contribute 3+22.3+2\sqrt2.

The center shaded diamond is a square of side 22.2\sqrt2. Expanding it by distance 12\frac12 adds four rectangles of total area 424\sqrt2 and four quarter-circles of total area π4,\frac\pi4, in addition to the diamond's area 8.8. Thus the center contribution is

8+42+π4.8+4\sqrt2+\frac\pi4.

The favorable area is

3+22+8+42+π4=11+62+π4. \begin{aligned} &3+2\sqrt2+8+4\sqrt2+\frac\pi4 \\ &=11+6\sqrt2+\frac\pi4. \end{aligned}

The probability is

11+62+π449=44+242+π196. \begin{aligned} &\frac{11+6\sqrt2+\frac\pi4}{49} \\ &=\frac{44+24\sqrt2+\pi}{196}. \end{aligned}

So a+b=44+24=68.a+b=44+24=68.

Thus, the answer is C .

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