2019 AMC 10B 第 5 题

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5.

三角形 ABCABC 位于第一象限。点 AABBCC 关于直线 y=xy=x 的对称点分别为 AA'BB'CC'。假设三角形的顶点都不在直线 y=xy=x 上。下列哪一项不一定总为真?

Triangle ABCABC lies in the first quadrant. Points A,A, B,B, and CC are reflected across the line y=xy=x to points A,A', B,B', and C,C', respectively. Assume that none of the vertices of the triangle lie on the line y=x.y=x. Which of the following statements is not always true?

三角形 ABCA'B'C' 位于第一象限。

Triangle ABCA'B'C' lies in the first quadrant.

三角形 ABCABCABCA'B'C' 面积相同。

Triangles ABCABC and ABCA'B'C' have the same area.

直线 AAAA' 的斜率为 1-1

The slope of line AAAA' is 1.-1.

直线 AAAA'CCCC' 的斜率相同。

The slopes of lines AAAA' and CCCC' are the same.

直线 ABABABA'B' 互相垂直。

Lines ABAB and ABA'B' are perpendicular to each other.

答案:E
知识点:变换坐标几何斜率
难度评级:1020
解答:

第一象限在该反射下保持不变,所以选项 A 必为真。 y=xy=x (x,y)(x,y) (y,x)(y,x)

反射保持面积,所以选项 B 必为真。 选项 C 必为真,因为点与其像的连线垂直于反射轴,所以斜率为 (x,y)(x,y) 选项 D 必为真,因为两条线段的斜率都是 1-1 (y,x)(y,x) (yx,xy)(y-x,x-y) xyx\ne y

选项 E 不一定成立。例如 则 ABAB 及其反射所得线段的斜率都是 11,因而两者平行而不垂直。 A=(2,1)A=(2,1) B=(3,2)B=(3,2) C=(4,1)C=(4,1) ABA'B'

所以正确答案是 E

Reflection across y=xy=x sends (x,y)(x,y) to (y,x)(y,x). It therefore preserves the first quadrant and preserves area, so A and B are always true.

The direction from (x,y)(x,y) to its image (y,x)(y,x) is (yx,xy)(y-x,x-y), whose slope is 1-1 because xyx\ne y. Thus C and D are always true as well.

For E, take A=(2,1)A=(2,1), B=(3,2)B=(3,2), and C=(4,1)C=(4,1). These points satisfy all the conditions, but ABAB and ABA'B' both have slope 11, so the two lines are parallel rather than perpendicular.

Thus, the answer is E .

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