2019 AMC 10A 第 15 题

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15.

数列递归定义为 a1=1a_1 = 1a2=37a_2 = \frac{3}{7},且对所有 n3n \geq 3,有 an=an2an12an2an1a_n=\dfrac{a_{n-2} \cdot a_{n-1}}{2a_{n-2} - a_{n-1}} a2019a_{2019} 可写成 pq\frac{p}{q},其中 ppqq 为互质正整数。求 p+qp+q

A sequence of numbers is defined recursively by a1=1,a_1 = 1, a2=37,a_2 = \frac{3}{7}, and an=an2an12an2an1a_n=\dfrac{a_{n-2} \cdot a_{n-1}}{2a_{n-2} - a_{n-1}} for all n3.n \geq 3. Then a2019a_{2019} can be written as pq,\frac{p}{q}, where pp and qq are relatively prime positive integers. What is p+q?p+q ?

20202020

40394039

60576057

60616061

80788078

答案:E
知识点:递推等差数列换元法
难度评级:1540
小提示:

对递推式取倒数。

Take reciprocals of the recurrence

大提示:

倒数数列会变成等差数列。

The reciprocal sequence becomes arithmetic

解答:

对递推式两边取倒数,得到 1an=2an2an1an2an1=2an11an2 \begin{aligned} \frac1{a_n} &=\frac{2a_{n-2}-a_{n-1}}{a_{n-2}a_{n-1}}\\ &=\frac2{a_{n-1}}-\frac1{a_{n-2}} \end{aligned}\text{。}

这说明 1an1an1=1an11an2 \dfrac{1}{a_n} - \dfrac{1}{a_{n - 1}} = \dfrac{1}{a_{n - 1}} - \dfrac{1}{a_{n - 2}}\text{,} 也就是说 {1an}\left\{\dfrac{1}{a_n}\right\} 是等差数列。

利用 a1a_1a2a_2,可得公差为 13711=731=43\dfrac{1}{\frac{3}{7}} - \dfrac{1}{1} = \dfrac{7}{3} - 1 = \dfrac{4}{3}\text{。}

因此 1a2019=1+201843=80753\frac1{a_{2019}}=1+2018\cdot\frac43=\frac{8075}{3}\text{,} 所以 a2019=38075a_{2019}=\frac3{8075}

因此 p+qp + q8075+3=80788075 + 3 = 8078\text{。}

所以正确答案是 E

Taking reciprocals in the recursive formula gives 1an=2an2an1an2an1=2an11an2. \begin{aligned} \frac1{a_n} &=\frac{2a_{n-2}-a_{n-1}}{a_{n-2}a_{n-1}}\\ &=\frac2{a_{n-1}}-\frac1{a_{n-2}}. \end{aligned}

This means that 1an1an1=1an11an2, \dfrac{1}{a_n} - \dfrac{1}{a_{n - 1}} = \dfrac{1}{a_{n - 1}} - \dfrac{1}{a_{n - 2}}, which tells us that {1an}\left\{\dfrac{1}{a_n}\right\} is an arithmetic sequence.

Using a1a_1 and a2,a_2, we get that the common difference is 13711=731=43.\dfrac{1}{\frac{3}{7}} - \dfrac{1}{1} = \dfrac{7}{3} - 1 = \dfrac{4}{3}.

Therefore 1a2019=1+201843=80753,\frac1{a_{2019}}=1+2018\cdot\frac43=\frac{8075}{3}, so a2019=38075.a_{2019}=\frac3{8075}.

p+qp + q is therefore 8075+3=8078.8075 + 3 = 8078.

Thus, E is the correct answer.

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