2015 AMC 10A 第 15 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

15.

考虑所有分数 xy\dfrac{x}{y},其中 xxyy 是互质的正整数。有多少个这样的分数满足:若分子和分母都增加 11,分数值增加 10%10\%

Consider the set of all fractions xy,\dfrac{x}{y}, where xx and yy are relatively prime positive integers. How many of these fractions have the property that if both numerator and denominator are increased by 1,1, the value of the fraction is increased by 10%?10\%?

00

11

22

33

无穷多个\text{无穷多个}

infinitely many\text{infinitely many}

答案:B
知识点:丢番图方程西蒙最爱的因式分解技巧分数
难度评级:1860
小提示:

把分数条件转化为一个因式分解。

Turn the fraction condition into a factorization

大提示:

只有满足 y+11>11y+11>11 的负因数对可能有效。

Only negative factor pairs with y+11>11y+11>11 can work

解答:

条件为 x+1y+1=1110xy\frac{x+1}{y+1}=\frac{11}{10}\cdot\frac{x}{y}\text{。} 交叉相乘得 10y(x+1)=11x(y+1)10y(x+1)=11x(y+1),即 xy+11x10y=0xy+11x-10y=0

从两边减去 110110 并因式分解,得 (x10)(y+11)=110(x-10)(y+11)=-110\text{。} 因为 x,yx,y 是正整数,可用的负因数对为 (1,110)(-1,110)(2,55)(-2,55)(5,22)(-5,22),分别给出 (x,y)=(9,99),(8,44),(5,11)(x,y)=(9,99),(8,44),(5,11)

其中只有 511\frac{5}{11} 的分子分母互质,所以恰好有一个分数满足条件。

所以正确答案是 B

The condition is x+1y+1=1110xy.\frac{x+1}{y+1}=\frac{11}{10}\cdot\frac{x}{y}. Cross-multiplying gives 10y(x+1)=11x(y+1)10y(x+1)=11x(y+1), or xy+11x10y=0xy+11x-10y=0.

Factoring by grouping after subtracting 110110 gives (x10)(y+11)=110.(x-10)(y+11)=-110. Since x,yx,y are positive, the useful negative factor pairs are (1,110)(-1,110), (2,55)(-2,55), and (5,22)(-5,22), producing (x,y)=(9,99),(8,44),(5,11)(x,y)=(9,99),(8,44),(5,11).

Only 511\frac{5}{11} has relatively prime numerator and denominator, so exactly one fraction works.

Thus, B is the correct answer.

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