2018 AMC 10B 第 16 题

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16.

a1,a2,,a2018a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_{2018} 是一个严格递增的正整数数列,且

a1+a2++a2018=20182018.a_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_{2018} = 2018^{2018}.

a13+a23++a20183a_1^3 + a_2^3 + \cdots + a_{2018}^3 除以 66 的余数是多少?

Let a1,a2,,a2018a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_{2018} be a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers such that

a1+a2++a2018=20182018.a_1 + a_2 + \cdots + a_{2018} = 2018^{2018}.

What is the remainder when a13+a23++a20183a_1^3 + a_2^3 + \cdots + a_{2018}^3 is divided by 6?6?

00

11

22

33

44

答案:E
知识点:模运算整除性
难度评级:1710
解答:

对任意整数 nnn3n=(n1)n(n+1)n^3 - n = (n-1)n(n+1) 是三个连续整数的乘积,所以能被 66 整除。因此 n3n(mod6)n^3 \equiv n \pmod 6。求和得到 ai3ai\sum a_i^3 \equiv \sum a_i =20182018(mod6)= 2018^{2018} \pmod 6。因为 20182(mod6)2018 \equiv 2 \pmod 6,而 22 的幂模 66 的余数按 2,4,2,4,2, 4, 2, 4, \ldots 交替,指数 20182018 为偶数,所以 220184(mod6)2^{2018} \equiv 4 \pmod 6,余数为 44。正确答案是 E

For any integer n,n, n3n=(n1)n(n+1)n^3 - n = (n-1)n(n+1) is a product of three consecutive integers, so it's divisible by 6.6. That means n3n(mod6).n^3 \equiv n \pmod 6. Summing, ai3ai\sum a_i^3 \equiv \sum a_i =20182018(mod6).= 2018^{2018} \pmod 6. Now 20182(mod6),2018 \equiv 2 \pmod 6, and powers of 22 mod 66 alternate 2,4,2,4,.2, 4, 2, 4, \ldots. The exponent 20182018 is even, so 220184(mod6).2^{2018} \equiv 4 \pmod 6. The remainder is 4.4. Therefore, the answer is E.

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