2015 AMC 10B 第 19 题

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19.

ABC\triangle{ABC} 中,C=90\angle{C} = 90^{\circ},且 AB=12AB = 12。在三角形外侧作正方形 ABXYABXYACWZACWZ。点 X,Y,ZX, Y, ZWW 共圆。求该三角形的周长。

In ABC,\triangle{ABC}, C=90\angle{C} = 90^{\circ} and AB=12.AB = 12. Squares ABXYABXY and ACWZACWZ are constructed outside of the triangle. The points X,Y,Z,X, Y, Z, and WW lie on a circle. What is the perimeter of the triangle?

12+9312+9\sqrt{3}

18+6318+6\sqrt{3}

12+12212+12\sqrt{2}

3030

3232

答案:C
知识点:外接圆、外心与外接圆半径直角三角形垂直平分线
难度评级:2010
解答:

X,Y,Z,WX,Y,Z,W 的圆心在 XYXYZWZW 的垂直平分线上,也就是在 ABABACAC 的垂直平分线上,所以同一点也是直角三角形 ABCABC 的外心。

因此圆心是斜边中点 OO,其中斜边为 ABAB,所以 OA=OB=OC=6OA=OB=OC=6。令 a=12BCa=\frac12BCb=12CAb=\frac12CA,则 a2+b2=62a^2+b^2=6^2

由正方形 ABAB 可得 OX2=62+122=180OX^2=6^2+12^2=180。由正方形 ACAC 可知,对应半径也给出 OW2=b2+(a+2b)2OW^2=b^2+(a+2b)^2。因此 结合 a2+b2=36a^2+b^2=36,得到 a=b=32a=b=3\sqrt{2}b(a+b)=36b(a+b)=36 a2+b2=36a^2+b^2=36 ab=a2ab=a^2 a>0a>0 b2+(a+2b)2=180.b^2+(a+2b)^2=180.

于是 AC=BC=62AC=BC=6\sqrt{2},所以周长为 12+12212+12\sqrt{2}

所以正确答案是 C

The center of the circle through X,Y,Z,WX,Y,Z,W lies on the perpendicular bisectors of XYXY and ZWZW. These are also the perpendicular bisectors of ABAB and ACAC, so the same point is the circumcenter of right triangle ABCABC.

Therefore the center is the midpoint OO of hypotenuse ABAB, so OA=OB=OC=6OA=OB=OC=6. Let a=12BCa=\frac12BC and b=12CAb=\frac12CA. Then a2+b2=62a^2+b^2=6^2.

From the square on ABAB, OX2=62+122=180OX^2=6^2+12^2=180. From the square on ACAC, the corresponding radius also gives OW2=b2+(a+2b)2OW^2=b^2+(a+2b)^2. Hence b2+(a+2b)2=180.b^2+(a+2b)^2=180. Subtracting a2+b2=36a^2+b^2=36 from this equation gives b(a+b)=36b(a+b)=36. But a2+b2=36a^2+b^2=36 as well, so ab=a2ab=a^2. Since a>0a>0, we get a=b=32a=b=3\sqrt{2}.

Thus AC=BC=62AC=BC=6\sqrt{2}, and the perimeter is 12+12212+12\sqrt{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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