2015 AMC 10A 第 20 题

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20.

一个边长以 cm\text{cm} 计且为正整数的长方形,面积为 AA cm2\text{cm}^2,周长为 PP cm\text{cm}。下列哪个数不可能等于 A+PA+P

A rectangle with positive integer side lengths in cm\text{cm} has area AA cm2\text{cm}^2 and perimeter PP cm.\text{cm}. Which of the following numbers cannot equal A+P?A+P?

100100

102102

104104

106106

108108

答案:B
知识点:面积周长西蒙最爱的因式分解技巧
难度评级:1540
解答:

设长方形的正整数边长为 xxyy,则 因此 A+P+4A+P+4 必须分解成两个都至少为 33 的整数之积。 A+P=xy+2x+2y=(x+2)(y+2)4. \begin{aligned} &A+P=xy+2x+2y \\ &=(x+2)(y+2)-4. \end{aligned}

各选项加 44 后得到 104,106,108,110,112104,106,108,110,112。除 106106 外,其余数都有两个不小于 33 的因数: 但 106=253106=2\cdot53,不能等于 (x+2)(y+2)(x+2)(y+2)104=426,104=4\cdot26, 108=912,108=9\cdot12, 110=1011,110=10\cdot11, 112=716.112=7\cdot16.

所以正确答案是 B

Let the side lengths be positive integers xx and yy. Then A+P=xy+2x+2y=(x+2)(y+2)4. \begin{aligned} &A+P=xy+2x+2y \\ &=(x+2)(y+2)-4. \end{aligned} Hence A+P+4A+P+4 must factor into two integers both at least 33.

The answer choices plus 44 are 104,106,108,110,112104,106,108,110,112. All except 106106 have a factorization with both factors at least 33: 104=426,104=4\cdot26, 108=912,108=9\cdot12, 110=1011,110=10\cdot11, 112=716.112=7\cdot16. But 106=253106=2\cdot53, so it cannot equal (x+2)(y+2)(x+2)(y+2).

Thus, B is the correct answer.

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