2015 AMC 10A 第 21 题

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21.

四面体 ABCDABCD 满足 AB=5AB=5AC=3AC=3BC=4BC=4BD=4BD=4AD=3AD=3,且 CD=1252CD=\tfrac{12}5\sqrt2。求该四面体的体积。

Tetrahedron ABCDABCD has AB=5,AB=5, AC=3,AC=3, BC=4,BC=4, BD=4,BD=4, AD=3,AD=3, and CD=1252.CD=\tfrac{12}5\sqrt2. What is the volume of the tetrahedron?

323\sqrt2

252\sqrt5

245\dfrac{24}5

333\sqrt{3}

2452\dfrac{24}5\sqrt2

答案:C
知识点:立体几何体积直角三角形
难度评级:2010
小提示:

把两个 33-44-55 三角形放在共同底边 ABAB 上。

Put the two 33-44-55 triangles on a common base ABAB

大提示:

CD=(125)2CD=(\frac{12}{5})\sqrt2 使两条高互相垂直。

CD=(125)2CD=(\frac{12}{5})\sqrt2 makes the two altitudes perpendicular

解答:

我们断言三角形 ABCABCABDABD 所在平面互相垂直。

分别从 CCDDABAB 作垂线,即可证明这一点。

因为 AC=ADAC = ADBC=BDBC = BD,这两条高的垂足重合于点 PP

于是 CP=DP=345=125 CP = DP = \dfrac{3 \cdot 4}{5} = \dfrac{12}{5}\text{。} 又有 CD=CP2CD = CP\sqrt{2},所以 CPD\triangle CPD 是等腰直角三角形,且 CPDPCP\perp DP

因为 CPABCP\perp ABCPDPCP\perp DP,所以线段 CPCP 垂直于平面 ABDABD。因此四面体的体积为 13[ABD]CP=63125=245 \dfrac{1}{3}[ABD] \cdot CP = \dfrac{6}{3} \cdot \dfrac{12}{5} = \dfrac{24}{5}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 C

We claim that the planes ABCABC and ABDABD are perpendicular to each other.

We can show this by dropping the perpendiculars from CC and DD to ABAB.

Since AC=ADAC = AD and BC=BD,BC = BD, we have that the feet of these altitudes will coincide at point P.P.

Then we have that CP=DP=345=125. CP = DP = \dfrac{3 \cdot 4}{5} = \dfrac{12}{5}. We also have CD=CP2,CD = CP\sqrt{2}, so CPD\triangle CPD is an isosceles right triangle and CPDP.CP\perp DP.

Since CPABCP\perp AB and CPDPCP\perp DP, the segment CPCP is perpendicular to the plane ABDABD. Finally, the volume of the tetrahedron is 13[ABD]CP=63125=245. \dfrac{1}{3}[ABD] \cdot CP = \dfrac{6}{3} \cdot \dfrac{12}{5} = \dfrac{24}{5}.

Thus, C is the correct answer.

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