2016 AMC 10A 第 21 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

21.

圆心为 PPQQRR、半径分别为 112233 的三个圆位于直线 ll 的同侧,并分别在 PP'QQ'RR' 处与 ll 相切,其中 QQ'PP'RR' 之间。圆心为 QQ 的圆与另外两个圆都外切。求 PQR\triangle PQR 的面积。

Circles with centers P,P, QQ and R,R, having radii 1,1, 22 and 3,3, respectively, lie on the same side of line ll and are tangent to ll at P,P', QQ' and R,R', respectively, with QQ' between PP' and R.R'. The circle with center QQ is externally tangent to each of the other two circles. What is the area of PQR?\triangle PQR?

00

23\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{3}}

11

62\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{2}

32\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{2}}

答案:D
知识点:相切圆勾股定理坐标几何
难度评级:1970
小提示:

使用切点之间的水平距离。

Use horizontal distances between tangent points

大提示:

把这些水平距离代入坐标面积公式。

Use those horizontal distances in a coordinate-area formula

解答:

把这条公切线取作 xx 轴,并令 P=(0,1)P=(0,1)。因为 PQ=1+2=3PQ=1+2=3,而两个圆心的高度相差 11,所以 PPQQ 的水平距离为 3212=22\sqrt{3^2-1^2}=2\sqrt2\text{。}同理,QR=2+3=5QR=2+3=5,这两个圆心的高度也相差 11,因此它们的水平距离为 262\sqrt6

于是可以取 P=(0,1),Q=(22,2),R=(22+26,3) \begin{aligned} P&=(0,1),\qquad Q=(2\sqrt2,2), \\ R&=(2\sqrt2+2\sqrt6,3) \end{aligned}\text{。}再由坐标面积公式得到 [PQR]=1242(22+26)=62 \begin{aligned} [PQR] &=\frac12\left|4\sqrt2-(2\sqrt2+2\sqrt6)\right| \\ &=\sqrt6-\sqrt2 \end{aligned}\text{。}

所以正确答案是 D

Put the tangent line on the xx-axis and take P=(0,1).P=(0,1). Because PQ=1+2=3PQ=1+2=3 and the centers differ in height by 1,1, the horizontal distance from PP to QQ is 3212=22.\sqrt{3^2-1^2}=2\sqrt2. Similarly, QR=2+3=5QR=2+3=5 and its centers also differ in height by 1,1, so their horizontal distance is 26.2\sqrt6.

Thus we may use P=(0,1),Q=(22,2),R=(22+26,3). \begin{aligned} P&=(0,1),\qquad Q=(2\sqrt2,2), \\ R&=(2\sqrt2+2\sqrt6,3). \end{aligned} The coordinate-area formula gives [PQR]=1242(22+26)=62. \begin{aligned} [PQR] &=\frac12\left|4\sqrt2-(2\sqrt2+2\sqrt6)\right| \\ &=\sqrt6-\sqrt2. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is D .

第 20 题#20
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